Trilesnik Beata, Koch Sabine C, Stompe Thomas
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
Alanus Hochschule Alfter/SRH Hochschule Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Neuropsychiatr. 2018 Jun;32(2):84-92. doi: 10.1007/s40211-018-0265-2. Epub 2018 May 29.
Research on migration provides controversial findings regarding the links between mental health and migration as well as the factors influencing the mental health of migrants. Even though there is evidence for differences between migrant groups from different countries of origin, almost no empirical studies about individual migrant groups in Austria have been undertaken so far.
In the present population-based study we compared depression and anxiety of 96 ex-Soviet Jews to a sample of 101 Austrians matched by age and sex. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of acculturation attitude and religiosity on the psychological condition of the migrants. Depression and anxiety were measured with Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI), State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Acculturation attitude was assessed with Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA) and religiosity with a self-developed scale.
Ex-Soviet Jews were significantly more depressed and more anxious than native Austrians but not more likely to be affected by clinical depression. Integration (i.e. interest in both the original and the receiving society's culture) as an acculturation strategy was associated with the lowest mental health burden. Religiosity had a protective effect against depression but not against anxiety.
The present study allows initial insights into the mental health of a migrant group which has hardly been subject to research, and it indicates a need for a greater opening of the Austrian majority population to migrants.
关于移民的研究在心理健康与移民之间的联系以及影响移民心理健康的因素方面得出了有争议的结果。尽管有证据表明来自不同原籍国的移民群体之间存在差异，但迄今为止，几乎没有针对奥地利个别移民群体的实证研究。
在本基于人群的研究中，我们将96名前苏联犹太人的抑郁和焦虑情况与101名年龄和性别匹配的奥地利人的样本进行了比较。此外，我们调查了文化适应态度和宗教信仰对移民心理状况的影响。抑郁和焦虑通过贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）和简明症状量表（BSI）进行测量。文化适应态度通过温哥华文化适应指数（VIA）进行评估，宗教信仰通过自行编制的量表进行评估。
前苏联犹太人的抑郁和焦虑程度明显高于奥地利本地人，但患临床抑郁症的可能性并不更高。作为一种文化适应策略，融合（即对原籍国和接纳国社会文化都感兴趣）与最低的心理健康负担相关。宗教信仰对抑郁有保护作用，但对焦虑没有保护作用。
本研究初步揭示了一个几乎未被研究过的移民群体的心理健康状况，并表明奥地利多数人口需要对移民有更大的开放度。
