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[移民更容易患精神障碍吗?]

[Are migrants more susceptible to mental disorders?].

作者信息

Glaesmer Heide, Wittig Ulla, Brähler Elmar, Martin Alexander, Mewes Ricarda, Rief Winfried

机构信息

Universität Leipzig, Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Soziologie.

出版信息

Psychiatr Prax. 2009 Jan;36(1):16-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1067566. Epub 2008 Nov 4.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

There are few, methodically heterogeneous and unsatisfactory studies about the mental health of immigrants. Commonly, these studies refer to a single group of immigrants and in consequence general statements about the mental health of immigrants are impossible.

METHODS

In a representative population survey in Germany (N = 2 510) depressive and somatoform symptoms were screened with the Patients Health Questionnaire, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was screened with the PTDS. If at least one parent was born abroad, people are classified as immigrants.

RESULTS

11.1 % of the sample are immigrants, which are mostly better integrated ones. There are no significant differences in the prevalence of the investigated mental disorders of immigrants compared to the native population.

CONCLUSION

The sample includes a large variety of immigrants living in Germany and does not refer to a single group. Asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are not included, those immigrants with low language skills might be underrepresented because of the methodology. Against our expectations, no differences in the mental health between imigrants and native Germans could be proven. This finding stands in a marked contrast to the well established deficit-oriented point of view on the health of immigrants.

摘要

目的

关于移民心理健康的研究较少,且在方法上存在异质性,结果也不尽人意。通常,这些研究仅针对单一移民群体,因此无法对移民的心理健康做出一般性陈述。

方法

在德国进行的一项具有代表性的人口调查中(N = 2510),使用患者健康问卷筛查抑郁和躯体形式症状,使用创伤后应激障碍量表筛查创伤后应激障碍。如果至少有一位父母出生在国外,则将其归类为移民。

结果

样本中有11.1%是移民,其中大多数是融入程度较好的移民。与本土人口相比,移民中所调查的精神障碍患病率没有显著差异。

结论

该样本涵盖了生活在德国的各种各样的移民,而非单一群体。寻求庇护者和无证移民未被纳入,由于研究方法的原因,语言技能较低的移民可能未得到充分体现。与我们的预期相反,未发现移民与德国本土人在心理健康方面存在差异。这一发现与关于移民健康的既定的以缺陷为导向的观点形成了鲜明对比。

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