Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Dig Endosc. 2018 Nov;30(6):719-729. doi: 10.1111/den.13199. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in both the USA and Europe. Molecular imaging is a novel field that is revolutionizing cancer management. It is based on the molecular signature of cells in order to study the human body both in normal and diseased conditions. The emergence of molecular imaging has been driven by the difficulties associated with cancer detection, particularly early-stage premalignant lesions which are often unnoticed as a result of minimal or no structural changes. Endoscopic surveillance is the standard method for early-stage cancer detection. In addition to recent major advancements in endoscopic instruments, significant progress has been achieved in the exploration of highly specific molecular probes and the combination of both will permit significant improvement of patient care. In this review, we provide an outline of the current status of endoscopic imaging and focus on recent applications of molecular imaging in gastrointestinal, hepatic and other cancers in the context of detection, targeted therapy and personalized medicine. As new imaging agents have the potential to broadly expand our cancer diagnostic capability, we will also present an overview of the main types of optical molecular probes with their pros and cons. We conclude by discussing the challenges and future prospects of the field.
癌症是美国和欧洲主要的死亡原因之一。分子成像作为一个崭新的领域，正在彻底改变癌症的治疗方式。它基于细胞的分子特征，以便在正常和患病条件下研究人体。分子成像的出现是由癌症检测的困难所驱动的，特别是早期的癌前病变，由于微小或没有结构变化，往往会被忽视。内镜监测是早期癌症检测的标准方法。除了内镜仪器的最新重大进展外，在高度特异性分子探针的探索方面也取得了重大进展，两者的结合将显著改善患者的治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们概述了内镜成像的现状，并重点介绍了分子成像在胃肠道、肝脏和其他癌症中的最新应用，包括检测、靶向治疗和个性化医疗。由于新型成像剂有可能广泛扩展我们的癌症诊断能力，我们还将介绍光学分子探针的主要类型及其优缺点的概述。最后，我们讨论了该领域的挑战和未来前景。
