Capri Charlotte, Abrahams Lameze, McKenzie Judith, Coetzee Ockert, Mkabile Siyabulela, Saptouw Manuel, Hooper Andrew, Smith Peter, Adnams Colleen, Swartz Leslie
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Alexandra Hospital, Western Cape Government, South Africa.
Afr J Disabil. 2018 Apr 25;7:396. doi: 10.4102/ajod.v7i0.396. eCollection 2018.
Intellectual disability (ID) is the most prevalent disability in the world. People with intellectual disability (PWID) frequently experience extreme violations of numerous human rights. Despite greater prevalence in South Africa than in high-income countries, most ID research currently comes from the Global North. This leaves us with few contextually sensitive studies to draw from to advance inclusive citizenship.
Our scoping review aims to investigate pertinent ID rights issues in South Africa, synthesise quantitative and qualitative studies, and provide a synopsis of available evidence on which to base future work. We aim to clarify key concepts, address gaps in the literature and identify opportunities for further research.
We followed strict eligibility criteria. Medical subject heading terms were entered into seven databases. Seven reviewers worked independently, two per paper. Quantitative and qualitative data extraction forms were designed. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and registered a protocol. An inductive approach enabled a thematic analysis of selected studies.
By following PRISMA guidelines, 82 studies were assessed for eligibility of which 59 were included. Ten sub-themes were integrated into four main themes: the right not to be discriminated against, the right to psychological and bodily integrity, the right to accommodating services and challenges to rights implementation.
People with intellectual disability face compound difficulties when trying to assert their constitutionally entitled rights. This ongoing project requires serious commitment and action. Statutory obligations to nurture every South African's human rights naturally extend to PWID and their supporters who forge ahead in a disabling environment.
智力残疾是全球最普遍的残疾类型。智力残疾者（PWID）经常遭受诸多严重的人权侵犯。尽管南非的智力残疾发生率高于高收入国家，但目前大多数智力残疾研究来自全球北方地区。这使得我们几乎没有基于具体背景的敏感性研究可用于推动包容性公民身份的发展。
我们的范围综述旨在调查南非相关的智力残疾权利问题，综合定量和定性研究，并提供现有证据的概要，为未来工作提供依据。我们旨在阐明关键概念，填补文献空白，并确定进一步研究的机会。
我们遵循严格的纳入标准。将医学主题词输入七个数据库。七位评审员独立工作，每篇论文两人负责。设计了定量和定性数据提取表格。我们遵循系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南并登记了方案。采用归纳法对选定研究进行主题分析。
按照PRISMA指南，对82项研究进行了资格评估，其中59项被纳入。十个子主题被整合为四个主要主题：不受歧视的权利、心理和身体完整性的权利、获得适应性服务的权利以及权利实施面临的挑战。
智力残疾者在试图维护其宪法赋予的权利时面临多重困难。这个正在进行的项目需要认真的投入和行动。培养每个南非人权利的法定义务自然也延伸到智力残疾者及其在不利环境中奋勇前行的支持者身上。
