Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Programa de Fruticultura, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. de Oviedo s/n, Apdo. 13, E-33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
Talanta. 2018 Sep 1;187:330-336. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.040. Epub 2018 May 15.
The phenolic profiles of apple cultivars from the SERIDA Asturian cider apple breeding program, including parents and progenies, were determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometer in order to study the relationship between phenols and the resistance of apple tree cultivars to rosy apple aphid (RAA). A pattern recognition technique named partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify apple cultivars based on resistance to RAA, resistant and susceptible, reaching scores with accuracy higher than 97% and 91% respectively. Hydroxycinnamic acids, particularly 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) and 4-p-coumaroylquinic acid (4-pCoQA), were identified as the major player in RAA resistance by the PLS-DA model. Indeed, the isomerisation 5-CQA → 4-CQA is favoured in resistant cultivars, whereas the isomerisation 5-pCoQA → 4-pCoQA is favoured in susceptible cultivars. As a result, resistant cultivars accumulate higher amounts of 4-CQA than susceptible ones, and the opposite occurs for 4-pCoQA. Also, minor isomerisations of 5-CQA to 1-CQA or 3-CQA show opposite behaviour for resistant and susceptible cultivars. Cultivar resistance to RAA is concluded to be related with the phenylpropanoid pathway, the isomerisation reactions being the key metabolic reaction for a cultivar to be resistant or susceptible to RAA.
为了研究苹果品种对苹果绵蚜（RAA）的抗性与酚类物质之间的关系，采用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-电喷雾电离-四极杆飞行时间/质谱联用技术测定了 SERIDA 阿斯图里亚斯苹果 cider 苹果育种计划中包括亲本和后代的苹果品种的酚类物质。使用名为偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）的模式识别技术，根据对 RAA 的抗性对苹果品种进行分类，抗性和敏感品种的准确率分别高于 97%和 91%。通过 PLS-DA 模型，鉴定出羟基肉桂酸，特别是 4-咖啡酰奎尼酸（4-CQA）和 4-p-香豆酰奎尼酸（4-pCoQA），是 RAA 抗性的主要参与者。事实上，在抗性品种中，5-CQA→4-CQA 的异构化更有利，而在敏感品种中，5-pCoQA→4-pCoQA 的异构化更有利。因此，抗性品种积累的 4-CQA 高于敏感品种，而 4-pCoQA 则相反。此外，5-CQA 向 1-CQA 或 3-CQA 的少量异构化对于抗性和敏感品种表现出相反的行为。结论是，苹果品种对 RAA 的抗性与苯丙烷代谢途径有关，异构化反应是品种对 RAA 抗性或敏感的关键代谢反应。
