UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN (Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France.
Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 11;11(1):5732. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85014-x.
The European crabapple Malus sylvestris, a crop wild relative of Malus domestica, is a major contributor to the cultivated apple genome and represents a potential source of interesting alleles or genes, particularly pest resistance traits. An original approach was used to explore the trophic interaction between M. sylvestris populations and its pest, the rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea). Using 13 microsatellite markers, population genetic structure and level of crop-to-wild introgressions were inferred between M. sylvestris seedlings from three sites in Europe (Denmark, France, Romania), and M. domestica seedlings. Genetically characterized plants were also used to analyze aphid feeding behavior and fitness parameters. First, aphids submitted to two genetically close M. sylvestris populations (the Danish and French) exhibited similar behavioral parameters, suggesting similar patterns of resistance in these host plants. Second, the Romanian M. sylvestris population was most closely genetically related to M. domestica. Although the two plant genetic backgrounds were significantly differentiated, they showed comparable levels of sensitivity to D. plantaginea infestation. Third, aphid fitness parameters were not significantly impacted by the host plant's genetic background. Finally, crop-to-wild introgression seemed to significantly drive resistance to D. plantaginea independent of host plant population genetic structure, with hybrids being less suitable hosts.
欧洲野苹果 Malus sylvestris 是栽培苹果的主要野生近缘种，为栽培苹果提供了丰富的基因组资源，特别是一些抗虫害的特性。本研究采用一种新颖的方法来研究野苹果种群与其主要虫害苹果绵蚜（Dysaphis plantaginea）之间的营养关系。利用 13 个微卫星标记，我们推断了来自欧洲三个地点（丹麦、法国和罗马尼亚）的野苹果实生苗和栽培苹果实生苗之间的种群遗传结构和水平的种间基因渐渗。同时，我们还利用遗传特征明显的植株来分析苹果绵蚜的取食行为和适合度参数。首先，被两种遗传上相近的野苹果种群（丹麦和法国种群）选择的苹果绵蚜表现出相似的行为参数，这表明这些宿主植物具有相似的抗虫模式。其次，罗马尼亚野苹果种群在遗传上与栽培苹果最为接近。尽管这两种植物的遗传背景存在显著差异，但它们对苹果绵蚜的侵染表现出相当的敏感性。第三，苹果绵蚜的适合度参数不受宿主植物遗传背景的显著影响。最后，尽管种间基因渐渗显著影响了苹果绵蚜的抗性，但与宿主植物种群遗传结构无关，杂种的适应性较差。
