School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Aug;28(8):830-838. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 May 9.
The relationship between dietary intake and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes has not been well studied. We investigated the association between dietary intake and common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA IMT) and PWV in a cohort with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
A one-year randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of improving dietary quality on CCA IMT. These subjects were followed up again approximately 12 months after the completion of the trial (i.e. approximately 24 month since baseline). The study cohort included 87 subjects that had dietary intake and CCA IMT measured at baseline and after a mean of 2.3 years' follow-up. PWV was measured in a subsample of this cohort. Age and baseline mean CCA IMT were strongly associated with mean CCA IMT at 24 months. After adjustment for age and baseline mean CCA IMT, baseline consumption of carbohydrate (r = -0.28; p = 0.01), sugars (r = -0.27; p = 0.01), fibre (r = -0.26; p = 0.02), magnesium (r = -0.25; p = 0.02) and the Alternate Health Eating Index (AHEI) score (r = -0.23; p = 0.03) were inversely associated with mean CCA IMT at 24 months. Mixed linear modelling showed an interaction between mean CCA IMT and AHEI at baseline (p = 0.024). Those who were in the highest AHEI tertile at baseline had greater CCA IMT regression at 24 months compared to those in the lowest tertile, after adjustment for baseline age, BMI, smoking pack years, time since diabetes diagnosis, and mean arterial pressure at baseline (mean -0.043 mm; 95% CI -0.084, -0.003; p = 0.029).
In this prospective analysis greater diet quality at baseline, as measured by the AHEI, was associated with greater CCA IMT regression after approximately two years. This suggests that greater diet quality is associated with better longer term vascular health in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者的饮食摄入与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）和脉搏波速度（PWV）之间的关系尚未得到很好的研究。我们调查了 1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者队列中饮食摄入与颈总动脉内膜中层厚度（CCA IMT）和 PWV 之间的关系。
进行了为期一年的随机对照试验，以研究改善饮食质量对 CCA IMT 的影响。这些受试者在试验完成后大约 12 个月（即基线后约 24 个月）再次进行随访。研究队列包括 87 名在基线和平均 2.3 年随访后测量饮食摄入和 CCA IMT 的受试者。在该队列的一个亚组中测量了 PWV。年龄和基线平均 CCA IMT 与 24 个月时的平均 CCA IMT 密切相关。在校正年龄和基线平均 CCA IMT 后，基线时碳水化合物（r=-0.28;p=0.01）、糖（r=-0.27;p=0.01）、纤维（r=-0.26;p=0.02）、镁（r=-0.25;p=0.02）和替代健康饮食指数（AHEI）评分（r=-0.23;p=0.03）与 24 个月时的平均 CCA IMT 呈负相关。混合线性模型显示基线时平均 CCA IMT 和 AHEI 之间存在交互作用（p=0.024）。与最低三分位相比，基线时处于 AHEI 最高三分位的患者在 24 个月时 CCA IMT 的回归更大，调整了基线年龄、BMI、吸烟包年数、糖尿病诊断后时间和基线时平均动脉压后（平均-0.043mm；95%CI-0.084，-0.003；p=0.029）。
在这项前瞻性分析中，基线时 AHEI 测量的更高饮食质量与大约两年后 CCA IMT 的更大回归相关。这表明，在 1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者中，更高的饮食质量与更好的长期血管健康相关。
