Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 May 8;2018:9478630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9478630. eCollection 2018.
Probiotics are microbial strains that are beneficial to health, and their potential has recently led to a significant increase in research interest in their use to modulate the gut microbiota. The animal gut is a complex ecosystem of host cells, microbiota, and available nutrients, and the microbiota prevents several degenerative diseases in humans and animals via immunomodulation. The gut microbiota and its influence on human nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immunity are addressed, and several probiotic species and strains are discussed to improve the understanding of modulation of gut microbiota. This paper provides a broad review of several spp., spp., and other coliform bacteria as the most promising probiotic species and their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, malignancy, liver disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. This review also discusses a recent study of spp. in which inflammation was prevented by promotion of proinflammatory immune function via the production of short-chain fatty acids. A summary of gut microbiota alteration with future perspectives is also provided.
益生菌是对健康有益的微生物菌株，其潜在功能最近引起了人们极大的研究兴趣，希望利用它们来调节肠道微生物群。动物肠道是宿主细胞、微生物群和可用营养物质的复杂生态系统，微生物群通过免疫调节来预防人类和动物的几种退行性疾病。本文讨论了肠道微生物群及其对人类营养、代谢、生理和免疫的影响，并讨论了几种益生菌物种和菌株，以增进对肠道微生物群调节的理解。本文广泛综述了几种 spp.、 spp. 和其他大肠菌类作为最有前途的益生菌物种，以及它们在预防肥胖、糖尿病、癌症、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、肝病和炎症性肠病等退行性疾病中的作用。本文还讨论了 spp. 的最近一项研究，其中通过产生短链脂肪酸促进促炎免疫功能来预防炎症。本文还提供了对肠道微生物群变化的总结以及未来展望。
