Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava 720229, Romania.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 24;11(2):258. doi: 10.3390/nu11020258.
Obesity has been associated with structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. The abundance in, and diversity of, certain bacteria may favor energy harvest and metabolic pathways leading to obesity. Therefore, gut microbiota has become a potential target that can be manipulated to obtain optimal health. Probiotics have been shown to influence the composition of the gut microbiota, improve gut integrity, and restore the microbial shifts characteristic of obesity. Based on physical and biochemical parameters, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and alterations in gut microbe diversity, animal studies revealed beneficial results in obese models whereas the results in humans are sparse and inconsistent. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials demonstrating the effects of various probiotic strains and their potential efficacy in improving obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions. Furthermore, the review discusses current gaps in our understanding of how probiotics modulate gut microflora to protect against obesity. Finally, we propose future studies and methodological approaches that may shed light on the challenges facing the scientific community in deciphering the host⁻bacteria interaction in obesity.
肥胖与肠道微生物群的结构和功能变化有关。某些细菌的丰度和多样性可能有利于能量的获取和导致肥胖的代谢途径。因此，肠道微生物群已成为一个潜在的靶点，可以通过操纵它来获得最佳的健康状态。益生菌已被证明可以影响肠道微生物群的组成，改善肠道完整性，并恢复肥胖特征的微生物转移。基于物理和生化参数、代谢和炎症标志物以及肠道微生物多样性的改变，动物研究显示出肥胖模型的有益结果，而人体研究结果则很少且不一致。因此，本综述的目的是提供来自动物研究和人类临床试验的证据，证明各种益生菌菌株的作用及其在改善肥胖和相关代谢功能障碍方面的潜在功效。此外，本综述还讨论了我们对益生菌如何调节肠道微生物群以预防肥胖的理解存在的差距。最后，我们提出了未来的研究和方法途径，这可能有助于阐明科学界在解析肥胖宿主-细菌相互作用方面所面临的挑战。
