Lee Gwenyth O, Surkan Pamela J, Zelner Jon, Paredes Olórtegui Maribel, Peñataro Yori Pablo, Ambikapathi Ramya, Caulfield Laura E, Gilman Robert H, Kosek Margaret N
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, M5071 SPH II, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
Department of International Health, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2018 Feb 23;4:254-262. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.004. eCollection 2018 Apr.
Food insecurity is a major global public health issue. Social capital has been identified as central to maintaining food security across a wide range of low- and middle-income country contexts, but few studies have examined this relationship through sociocentric network analysis.
We investigated relationships between household- and community-level social connectedness, household food security, and household income; and tested the hypothesis that social connectedness modified the relationship between income and food security.
A cross-sectional census with an embedded questionnaire to capture social relationships was conducted among eleven peri-urban communities. Community connectedness was related to study outcomes of food security and per-capita income through regression models.
Of 1520 households identified, 1383 were interviewed (91.0%) and 1272 (83.9%) provided complete data. Households in the youngest communities had the most total contacts, and the highest proportion of contacts outside of the community. Household income was also associated with more outside-community contacts (0.05 more contacts per standard deviation increase in income, p<0.001).Less food secure households reported more contacts nearby (0.24 increase in household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) for each additional contact, p<0.001). After adjusting for household-level socioeconomic status, membership in an older, larger, and better-connected community, with a greater proportion of residents engaged in rural livelihood strategies, was associated with greater food security (-0.92 decrease in HFIAS for each one-unit increase in community mean degree, p=0.008). There was no evidence that social connectedness modified the relationship between income and food security such that lower-income households benefited more from community membership than higher-income households.
Although households reported networks that spanned rural villages and urban centers, contacts within the community, with whom food was regularly shared, were most important to maintaining food security. Interventions that build within-community connectedness in peri-urban settings may increase food security.
粮食不安全是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题。社会资本已被视为在广泛的低收入和中等收入国家背景下维持粮食安全的核心要素，但很少有研究通过以社会为中心的网络分析来考察这种关系。
我们调查了家庭层面和社区层面的社会联系、家庭粮食安全和家庭收入之间的关系；并检验了社会联系会改变收入与粮食安全之间关系的假设。
在11个城郊社区进行了一项横断面普查，并嵌入了一份调查问卷以获取社会关系信息。通过回归模型将社区联系与粮食安全和人均收入的研究结果相关联。
在确定的1520户家庭中，1383户接受了访谈（91.0%），1272户（83.9%）提供了完整数据。最年轻社区的家庭总联系人最多，社区外联系人的比例也最高。家庭收入也与更多的社区外联系人相关（收入每增加一个标准差，联系人增加0.05个，p<0.001）。粮食安全程度较低的家庭报告说附近的联系人更多（家庭粮食不安全获取量表（HFIAS）每增加一个联系人增加0.24，p<0.001）。在调整家庭层面的社会经济地位后，加入一个更古老、更大且联系更紧密的社区，且有更大比例的居民从事农村生计策略，与更高的粮食安全相关（社区平均度每增加一个单位，HFIAS降低0.92，p=0.008）。没有证据表明社会联系会改变收入与粮食安全之间的关系，即低收入家庭比高收入家庭从社区成员身份中获益更多。
尽管家庭报告的社交网络跨越了农村村庄和城市中心，但社区内经常共享食物的联系人对于维持粮食安全最为重要。在城郊环境中建立社区内联系的干预措施可能会提高粮食安全。
