Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College University, 54600 Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, 54600 Lahore, Pakistan.
Nutrients. 2018 May 26;10(6):676. doi: 10.3390/nu10060676.
In Pakistan, 96% of the children under the age of two years do not receive an adequate diet. The main aim of this paper is to identify the sociodemographic, nutritional, and health-related factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under the age of two years in Pakistan. Secondary data analysis was performed based on the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012⁻2013. The analysis was limited to children under the age of two years ( = 984). Analysis was done using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression. The incidence of stunting, wasting, and underweight in children was 28.3%, 12.1%, and 27.9%, respectively. The odds of stunting, wasting, and underweight increased with the child's age. The odds of stunting and underweight increased with the mother's low body mass index, low access to information, high birth order of child, consanguineous marriages, father's low education, rural settlement, poor toilet facilities, and low vitamin A consumption. The odds of wasting increased in children who were not being breastfed, but no significant relation was seen with stunting and underweight. There is a need to improve child nutritional status in Pakistan by addressing issues such as poverty, low parental education, low micronutrient intake, and targeting provinces where undernutrition was found to be higher.
在巴基斯坦，96%的两岁以下儿童得不到充足的饮食。本文的主要目的是确定与巴基斯坦两岁以下儿童发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足相关的社会人口学、营养和健康因素。二次数据分析基于 2012-2013 年巴基斯坦人口与健康调查。分析仅限于两岁以下儿童（=984）。使用双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归进行分析。儿童发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的发生率分别为 28.3%、12.1%和 27.9%。儿童年龄越大，发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的几率越高。母亲的低体重指数、低信息获取、孩子的高出生顺序、近亲结婚、父亲的低教育、农村定居、卫生设施差和低维生素 A 摄入都会增加发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的几率。不进行母乳喂养的儿童消瘦的几率增加，但与发育迟缓、消瘦无关。需要解决贫困、父母教育程度低、微量营养素摄入低等问题，改善巴基斯坦儿童的营养状况，并针对营养不良程度较高的省份开展工作。
