School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Dept. of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 20;18(10):e0292322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292322. eCollection 2023.
To examine the socio-demographic factors associated with the decline in undernutrition among preschool children in India from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3, 2005-06 to NFHS- 5, 2019-21.
For this study data were obtained from India's nationally representative datasets such as NFHS-3 and NFHS-5. The outcome variables for this study were Binary undernutrition which were defined as the coexistence of anemia and either stunting or wasting and Undernutrition triad which were defined as the presence of Iron deficiency anemia, stunting and wasting, respectively. Decomposition analysis was used to study the factors responsible for a decline in undernutrition. This method was employed to understand how these factors contributed to the decline in undernutrition whether due to change in the composition (change in the composition of the population) or propensity (change in the health-related behaviour of the population) of the population over a period of 16 years.
Results showed that rate, which contributes 85.26% and 65.64%, respectively, to total change, was primarily responsible for a decline in both binary undernutrition and undernutrition triad. Reduction in Binary undernutrition was mainly explained by the change in the rate of education level of the mothers and media exposer during the inter-survey period. On the other hand, the decline in the Undernutrition triad can be explained by household wealth index, mother's education, birth order and a change in people's knowledge or practice about the preceding birth interval.
Identifying important factors and understanding their relationship with the decline of undernutrition can be beneficial for reorienting nutrition-specific policies to achieve the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
本研究旨在探讨 2005-2006 年至 2019-2021 年期间印度学龄前儿童营养不良状况下降与社会人口因素之间的关系，研究数据来自印度具有全国代表性的数据集，如国家家庭健康调查（NFHS）-3 和 NFHS-5。
本研究使用的方法是分解分析法，用于研究导致营养不良下降的因素。该方法用于了解这些因素如何导致在 16 年内人口的构成（人口构成的变化）或倾向（人口健康相关行为的变化）变化导致营养不良下降。
结果表明，速度变化率分别对二元营养不良和营养不良三联症的总变化率贡献了 85.26%和 65.64%，是导致这两种情况下降的主要原因。二元营养不良下降主要归因于调查期间母亲教育水平和媒体接触率的变化率。另一方面，营养不良三联症的下降可以归因于家庭财富指数、母亲教育、出生顺序以及人们对前次生育间隔的知识或实践的改变。
确定重要因素及其与营养不良下降的关系，可以为重新调整营养特定政策以实现 2030 年可持续发展目标提供有益信息。
