Dragsted L O, Gao Q, Scalbert A, Vergères G, Kolehmainen M, Manach C, Brennan L, Afman L A, Wishart D S, Andres Lacueva C, Garcia-Aloy M, Verhagen H, Feskens E J M, Praticò G
1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
3International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, Lyon, France.
Genes Nutr. 2018 May 30;13:14. doi: 10.1186/s12263-018-0603-9. eCollection 2018.
Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) are a promising tool for limiting misclassification in nutrition research where more subjective dietary assessment instruments are used. They may also be used to assess compliance to dietary guidelines or to a dietary intervention. Biomarkers therefore hold promise for direct and objective measurement of food intake. However, the number of comprehensively validated biomarkers of food intake is limited to just a few. Many new candidate biomarkers emerge from metabolic profiling studies and from advances in food chemistry. Furthermore, candidate food intake biomarkers may also be identified based on extensive literature reviews such as described in the guidelines for Biomarker of Food Intake Reviews (BFIRev). To systematically and critically assess the validity of candidate biomarkers of food intake, it is necessary to outline and streamline an optimal and reproducible validation process. A consensus-based procedure was used to provide and evaluate a set of the most important criteria for systematic validation of BFIs. As a result, a validation procedure was developed including eight criteria, plausibility, dose-response, time-response, robustness, reliability, stability, analytical performance, and inter-laboratory reproducibility. The validation has a dual purpose: (1) to estimate the current level of validation of candidate biomarkers of food intake based on an objective and systematic approach and (2) to pinpoint which additional studies are needed to provide full validation of each candidate biomarker of food intake. This position paper on biomarker of food intake validation outlines the second step of the BFIRev procedure but may also be used as such for validation of new candidate biomarkers identified, e.g., in food metabolomic studies.
食物摄入量生物标志物（BFIs）是一种很有前景的工具，可用于减少营养研究中因使用更主观的膳食评估工具而导致的错误分类。它们还可用于评估对膳食指南或膳食干预的依从性。因此，生物标志物有望直接、客观地测量食物摄入量。然而，经过全面验证的食物摄入量生物标志物数量有限，仅有几种。许多新的候选生物标志物来自代谢谱研究和食品化学的进展。此外，候选食物摄入量生物标志物也可根据广泛的文献综述来确定，如《食物摄入量生物标志物综述指南》（BFIRev）中所述。为了系统、严格地评估候选食物摄入量生物标志物的有效性，有必要概述并简化一个最佳且可重复的验证过程。采用了一种基于共识的程序来提供和评估一套用于BFIs系统验证的最重要标准。结果，制定了一个包括八个标准的验证程序，即合理性、剂量反应、时间反应、稳健性、可靠性、稳定性、分析性能和实验室间可重复性。该验证有双重目的：（1）基于客观、系统的方法估计食物摄入量候选生物标志物的当前验证水平；（2）确定还需要哪些额外研究来对每种食物摄入量候选生物标志物进行全面验证。这份关于食物摄入量生物标志物验证的立场文件概述了BFIRev程序的第二步，但也可用于验证新发现的候选生物标志物，例如在食物代谢组学研究中发现的生物标志物。
