Lotankar Mrunalini, Houttu Noora, Mokkala Kati, Laitinen Kirsi
Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Nutrition and Food Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Jul 1;83(7):e1917-e1938. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae192.
Diet may influence the gut microbiota and subsequently affect the host's health. Recent developments in methods analyzing the composition and function of the gut microbiota allow a deeper understanding of diet-gut microbiota relationships. A state-of-the-art methodology, shotgun metagenomics sequencing, offers a higher taxonomic resolution of the gut microbiota at the bacterial species and strain levels, and more accurate information regarding the functional potential of gut microbiota. Here, the available evidence on the relationship between diet and gut microbiota was critically reviewed, focusing on results emerging from recent metagenomics sequencing studies applied in randomized controlled trials and observational studies. The PubMed and Embase databases were used to search publications between January 2011 and September 2023. Thus far, the number of studies is limited, and the study designs and methods utilized have been variable. Nevertheless, the cumulative evidence from interventions relates to dietary fiber as a modifier of bacterial species, such as Anaerostipes hadrus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Furthermore, observational studies have detected associations between different dietary patterns and food groups with certain microbial species. Utilization of metagenomics sequencing is becoming more common and will undoubtedly provide further insights into diet-gut microbiota relationships at the species level as well as their functional pathways in the near future. For reproducible results and to draw reliable conclusions across various studies on diet-gut microbiota relationships, there is a need for harmonization of the study designs and standardized ways of reporting.
饮食可能会影响肠道微生物群，进而影响宿主健康。分析肠道微生物群组成和功能的方法的最新进展使人们能够更深入地了解饮食与肠道微生物群的关系。一种先进的方法——鸟枪法宏基因组测序，能够在细菌物种和菌株水平上对肠道微生物群进行更高分辨率的分类，并提供有关肠道微生物群功能潜力的更准确信息。在此，我们对饮食与肠道微生物群关系的现有证据进行了批判性综述，重点关注来自随机对照试验和观察性研究中应用的最新宏基因组测序研究的结果。使用PubMed和Embase数据库检索2011年1月至2023年9月期间的出版物。到目前为止，研究数量有限，所采用的研究设计和方法也各不相同。然而，干预措施的累积证据表明膳食纤维是细菌物种的调节剂，如哈氏厌氧棒状菌和普拉梭菌。此外，观察性研究已经检测到不同饮食模式和食物组与某些微生物物种之间的关联。宏基因组测序的应用越来越普遍，无疑将在不久的将来为物种水平上的饮食与肠道微生物群关系及其功能途径提供进一步的见解。为了获得可重复的结果并在各种饮食与肠道微生物群关系的研究中得出可靠的结论，需要统一研究设计和标准化的报告方式。
