Zhou Xiaomin, Gao Qian, Praticò Giulia, Chen Jie, Dragsted Lars Ove
1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
2Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Genes Nutr. 2019 Apr 2;14:9. doi: 10.1186/s12263-019-0631-0. eCollection 2019.
Tubers are important crops as well as staple foods in human nutrition. Among tubers, the potato in particular has been investigated for its health effects. However, except for its contribution to energy and effects related to resistant starch, the role of potatoes and other tubers in human health is still debated. In order to establish firm evidence for the health effects of dietary tubers and processed tuber products, it is essential to assess total intake accurately. The dietary assessment in most studies relies mainly on self-reporting and may give imprecise quantitative information on dietary intakes. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) are useful objective means to assess intake of specific foods or may be used as an additional measure to calibrate the measurement error in dietary reports. Here, intake biomarkers for common tubers, including potatoes and heated potato products, sweet potato, cassava, yam, and Jerusalem artichoke, are reviewed according to the biomarker of food intake reviews (BFIRev) standardized protocols for review and validation. Candidate BFIs for heated potato product include α-chaconine, α-solanine, and solanidine; less evidence is available to indicate peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside and cyanidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside as putative biomarkers having high potential specificity for purple sweet potato intake; linamarin may in addition be considered as a putative BFI for cassava. Other tubers also contain toxic glycosides or common contaminants as characteristic components but their putative use as intake biomarkers is not well documented. Alkyl pyrazines, acrylamide, and acrolein are formed during cooking of heated potato products while these have not yet been investigated for other tubers; these markers may not be specific only to heated potato but measurements of these compounds in blood or urine may be combined with more specific markers of the heated products, e.g., with glycoalkaloids to assess heated potato products consumption. Further studies are needed to assess the specificity, robustness, reliability, and analytical performance for the candidate tuber intake biomarkers identified in this review.
块茎类作物不仅是重要的农作物，也是人类营养中的主食。在块茎类作物中，人们尤其对马铃薯的健康功效进行了研究。然而，除了其对能量的贡献以及与抗性淀粉相关的作用外，马铃薯和其他块茎类作物在人类健康中的作用仍存在争议。为了确定食用块茎类作物和加工块茎产品对健康影响的确凿证据，准确评估总摄入量至关重要。大多数研究中的饮食评估主要依赖自我报告，可能无法提供关于饮食摄入量的精确量化信息。食物摄入生物标志物（BFI）是评估特定食物摄入量的有用客观手段，也可作为校准饮食报告中测量误差的额外措施。在此，根据食物摄入生物标志物综述（BFIRev）的标准化评审和验证方案，对包括马铃薯、加热马铃薯制品、红薯、木薯、山药和菊芋在内的常见块茎类作物的摄入生物标志物进行综述。加热马铃薯制品的候选BFI包括α-查茄碱、α-茄碱和茄啶；关于芍药素3-咖啡酰槐糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷和花青素3-咖啡酰槐糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷作为紫色红薯摄入量具有高潜在特异性的推定生物标志物的证据较少；此外，亚麻苦苷可被视为木薯的推定BFI。其他块茎类作物也含有有毒糖苷或常见污染物作为特征成分，但其作为摄入生物标志物的推定用途尚无充分文献记载。烷基吡嗪、丙烯酰胺和丙烯醛在加热马铃薯制品的烹饪过程中形成，而其他块茎类作物尚未对此进行研究；这些标志物可能并非仅对加热马铃薯具有特异性，但在血液或尿液中测量这些化合物可与加热产品的更特异性标志物（如糖苷生物碱）结合，以评估加热马铃薯制品的消费量。需要进一步研究来评估本综述中确定的候选块茎类作物摄入生物标志物的特异性、稳健性、可靠性和分析性能。
