Haas Emily J
Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, Human Factors Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
Occup Health Sci. 2018 Mar;2(1):43-66. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
Mineworkers are continually introduced to protective technologies on the job. Yet, their perceptions toward the technologies are often not addressed until they are actively trying to use them, which may halt safe technology adoption and associated work practices. This study explored management and worker perspectives toward three technologies to forecast adoption and behavioral intention on the job. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 21 mineworkers and 19 mine managers to determine the adoption process stage algorithm for workers and managers, including perceived barriers to using new safety and health technologies. Differences between workers and managers were revealed in terms of readiness, perceptions, and initial trust in using technologies. Workers, whether they had or had not used a particular technology, still had negative perceptions toward its use in the initial introduction and integration at their mine site, indicating a lengthy time period needed for full adoption. The key finding from these results is that a carefully considered and extended introduction of technology for workers in Stage 3 (undecided to act) is most important to promote progression to Stage 5 (decided to act) and to avoid Stage 4 (decided not to act). In response, organizational management may need to account for workers' particular stage algorithm, using the Precaution Adoption Process Model, to understand how to tailor messages about protective technologies, administer skill-based trainings and interventions that raise awareness and knowledge, and ultimately encourage safe adoption of associated work practices.
矿工在工作中不断接触到防护技术。然而，他们对这些技术的看法往往在他们积极尝试使用之前并未得到关注，这可能会阻碍安全技术的采用及相关工作实践。本研究探讨了管理层和工人对三种技术的看法，以预测工作中的采用情况和行为意图。对21名矿工和19名矿山经理进行了访谈和焦点小组讨论，以确定工人和经理的采用过程阶段算法，包括使用新的安全与健康技术的感知障碍。在准备情况、看法以及对技术使用的初始信任方面，揭示了工人和经理之间的差异。无论是否使用过特定技术，工人在其矿山首次引入和整合该技术时，对其使用仍持负面看法，这表明全面采用需要很长时间。这些结果的关键发现是，在第3阶段（未决定行动）为工人精心考虑并延长技术引入时间对于推动进入第5阶段（决定行动）和避免进入第4阶段（决定不行动）最为重要。作为回应，组织管理层可能需要使用预防采用过程模型来考虑工人的特定阶段算法，以了解如何定制有关防护技术的信息、实施提高意识和知识的技能培训及干预措施，并最终鼓励安全采用相关工作实践。
