Banyard Victoria L, Rizzo Andrew J, Bencosme Yamilex, Cares Alison C, Moynihan Mary M
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
Assumption College, Worcester, MA, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Apr;36(7-8):3855-3879. doi: 10.1177/0886260518777557. Epub 2018 Jun 4.
The prevalence of sexual violence crimes on U.S. college campuses is prompting institutions of higher education to increasingly invest in centers to support survivors and programs to prevent the violence before it happens. Understanding bystanders to sexual violence and what may motivate them to step in and help is a promising prevention strategy. The purpose of this study was to understand how potential active bystanders' (first-year college students) perceptions of community (including a sense of one's influence in the community and positive peer norms for helping) and individual beliefs about self (including sense of responsibility and self-efficacy) affect their self-reports of performing bystander behavior to address sexual violence risks. Participants were 948 students at two different universities (one a rural, primarily residential campus and the other an urban, mostly commuter campus) in the northeastern United States. Regression and path analysis quantitative results suggest that individual-level characteristics may mediate some of the impact that community-level norms and perceptions have on bystander outcomes, explaining some of the mixed findings in previous research. Prevention strategies should work to change community norms and perceptions of mattering and perceptions of community influence in addition to the more traditional focus on individual-level violence specific attitudes.
美国大学校园性暴力犯罪的普遍存在促使高等教育机构越来越多地投资建立支持幸存者的中心以及在性暴力发生前进行预防的项目。了解性暴力的旁观者以及促使他们介入并提供帮助的因素是一种很有前景的预防策略。本研究的目的是了解潜在的积极旁观者（大学一年级学生）对社区的认知（包括个人在社区中的影响力以及积极的同伴帮助规范）和个人对自我的信念（包括责任感和自我效能感）如何影响他们为应对性暴力风险而采取旁观者行为的自我报告。参与者是美国东北部两所不同大学的948名学生（一所是农村的、主要为住宿制校园，另一所是城市的、大多为通勤制校园）。回归分析和路径分析的定量结果表明，个体层面的特征可能会调节社区层面的规范和认知对旁观者结果的部分影响，这解释了先前研究中一些不一致的发现。预防策略除了更传统地关注个体层面针对暴力的特定态度外，还应致力于改变社区规范、对重要性的认知以及对社区影响力的认知。
