Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023 Jul;24(3):1727-1742. doi: 10.1177/15248380221079660. Epub 2022 Mar 27.
This article presents a systematic review of the available literature which has investigated the role of key variables in facilitating or inhibiting bystander intervention (including direct intervention, tertiary and secondary prevention) in sexual violence (SV) contexts. Studies exploring the role of individual, situational and contextual variables were grouped to provide a narrative overview of bystanders' personal characteristics as well as the immediate and wider contexts which may be influencing their bystander behaviour. A systematic search of published literature from four electronic databases identified 2526 articles that were screened, of which 85 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused upon the role of individual variables, in particular gender of bystander. This body of work finds females are more likely to intervene than males; however, not all studies report these differences and in some cases, this is influenced by the type of intervention behaviour being considered. Regarding situational variables, the most commonly researched variable was the presence of other bystanders, although the role of this variable as inhibiting or facilitating was not clear. Finally, the most commonly researched contextual variable was social norms towards intervention, which has consistently shown greater bystander intervention when there is a belief that peers support such behaviour. Very few studies considered the interaction between these variables. Therefore, it is important for future research to consider this gap in the literature so that we can obtain a more well-rounded understanding of variables that can inhibit and facilitate bystander intervention in SV contexts.
本文对已有的研究文献进行了系统回顾，这些文献探讨了在性暴力（SV）背景下促进或阻碍旁观者干预（包括直接干预、三级和二级预防）的关键变量的作用。探索个体、情境和背景变量作用的研究被分组，以便对旁观者的个人特征以及可能影响他们的旁观者行为的直接和更广泛的环境提供一个叙述性概述。通过对四个电子数据库中已发表文献的系统搜索，确定了 2526 篇符合筛选标准的文章。大多数研究都集中在个体变量的作用上，特别是旁观者的性别。这方面的工作发现，女性比男性更有可能进行干预；然而，并非所有研究都报告了这些差异，在某些情况下，这受到所考虑的干预行为类型的影响。关于情境变量，研究最多的变量是旁观者的存在，尽管这个变量作为抑制或促进因素的作用并不明确。最后，研究最多的背景变量是对干预的社会规范，当人们相信同伴支持这种行为时，旁观者的干预就会更加普遍。很少有研究考虑这些变量之间的相互作用。因此，未来的研究有必要考虑文献中的这一空白，以便我们能够更全面地了解在 SV 背景下可以抑制和促进旁观者干预的变量。
