Akaishi Tetsuya
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Neurology, Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan.
Neural Regen Res. 2018 May;13(5):779-785. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.232460.
Until now, nerve conduction has been described on the basis of equivalent circuit model and cable theory, both of which supposed closed electric circuits spreading inside and outside the axoplasm. With these conventional models, we can simulate the propagating pattern of action potential along the axonal membrane based on Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law. However, we could not fully explain the different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated nerves with these theories. Also, whether we can really suppose closed electrical circuits in the actual site of the nerves or not has not been fully discussed yet. In this report, a recently introduced new theoretical model of nerve conduction based on electrostatic molecular interactions within the axoplasm will be reviewed. With this new approach, we can explain the different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated nerves. This new mathematical conductive model based on electrostatic compressional wave in the intracellular fluid may also be able to explain the signal integration in the neuronal cell body and the back-propagation mechanism from the axons to the dendrites. With this new mathematical nerve conduction model based on electrostatic molecular interactions within the intracellular fluid, we may be able to achieve an integrated explanation for the physiological phenomena taking place in the nervous system.
到目前为止，神经传导一直是基于等效电路模型和电缆理论来描述的，这两种理论都假定在轴浆内外存在闭合电路。利用这些传统模型，我们可以根据欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律模拟动作电位沿轴突膜的传播模式。然而，用这些理论我们无法完全解释无髓神经和有髓神经中不同的传导模式。此外，在神经的实际部位是否真的可以假定存在闭合电路，这一点尚未得到充分讨论。在本报告中，将对最近引入的一种基于轴浆内静电分子相互作用的神经传导新理论模型进行综述。通过这种新方法，我们可以解释无髓神经和有髓神经中不同的传导模式。这种基于细胞内液中静电压缩波的新数学传导模型或许还能够解释神经元细胞体中的信号整合以及从轴突到树突的逆向传播机制。借助这种基于细胞内液中静电分子相互作用的新数学神经传导模型，我们或许能够对神经系统中发生的生理现象实现综合解释。
