Yan Liang-Jun
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Animal Model Exp Med. 2018 Mar;1(1):7-13. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12001. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
In diabetes mellitus, the polyol pathway is highly active and consumes approximately 30% glucose in the body. This pathway contains 2 reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. AR reduces glucose to sorbitol at the expense of NADPH, while sorbitol dehydrogenase converts sorbitol to fructose at the expense of NAD, leading to NADH production. Consumption of NADPH, accumulation of sorbitol, and generation of fructose and NADH have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In this review, the roles of this pathway in NADH/NAD redox imbalance stress and oxidative stress in diabetes are highlighted. A potential intervention using nicotinamide riboside to restore redox balance as an approach to fighting diabetes is also discussed.
在糖尿病中，多元醇途径高度活跃，消耗体内约30%的葡萄糖。该途径包含分别由醛糖还原酶（AR）和山梨醇脱氢酶催化的2个反应。AR以NADPH为代价将葡萄糖还原为山梨醇，而山梨醇脱氢酶以NAD为代价将山梨醇转化为果糖，导致NADH生成。NADPH的消耗、山梨醇的积累以及果糖和NADH的生成均与糖尿病及其并发症的发病机制有关。在本综述中，突出了该途径在糖尿病中NADH/NAD氧化还原失衡应激和氧化应激中的作用。还讨论了使用烟酰胺核糖苷恢复氧化还原平衡作为对抗糖尿病方法的潜在干预措施。
