Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Dept. of Medicine and Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Jun 1;126(6):067001. doi: 10.1289/EHP3145. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Environmental factors can influence the house dust microbiota, which may impact health outcomes. Little is known about how farming exposures impact the indoor microbiota.
We aimed to identify exposures related to bacterial communities in house dust in a U.S. farming population.
We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial communities in vacuumed dust samples from the bedrooms of a subset of 879 households of farmers and farmers' spouses enrolled in the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS), a case-control study of asthma nested within the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in North Carolina and Iowa. Information on current farming (past 12 mo), including both crop and animal farming, and other potential microbial sources was obtained via questionnaires. We used linear regression to evaluate associations between exposures and bacterial diversity within each sample, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to identify exposures related to diversity between samples, and analysis of composition of microbiome to examine whether exposures related to diversity were also related to differential abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs).
Current farming was positively associated with bacterial diversity in house dust, with or without adjustment for nonfarm exposures related to diversity, including presence of indoor pets, home condition, and season of dust collection. Many taxa exhibited differential abundance related to farming. Some taxa in the phyla Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia were associated [false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05] with farming but not with other nonfarm factors. Many taxa correlated with the concentration of house dust of endotoxin, commonly studied as a general marker of exposure to the farming environment.
In this farming population, house dust microbiota differed by current farming status. Understanding the determinants of the indoor microbiota is the first step toward understanding potential relationships with health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3145.
环境因素会影响室内灰尘微生物群，从而可能影响健康结果。但人们对于农业暴露如何影响室内微生物群知之甚少。
我们旨在确定与美国农业人群室内灰尘中细菌群落相关的暴露因素。
我们使用 16S rRNA 扩增子测序来描述农业健康研究（AHS）中北卡罗来纳州和爱荷华州的农业肺健康研究（ALHS）中嵌套的哮喘病例对照研究中 879 户农民及其配偶家庭的卧室中真空吸尘灰尘样本中的细菌群落。通过问卷调查获取当前农业（过去 12 个月）的相关信息，包括作物和动物养殖以及其他潜在的微生物来源。我们使用线性回归评估每个样本中暴露因素与细菌多样性之间的关联，使用相似性分析（ANOSIM）和可置换多元方差分析（PERMANOVA）识别与样本间多样性相关的暴露因素，并使用微生物组组成分析来检查与多样性相关的暴露因素是否也与特定操作分类单元（OTU）的丰度差异有关。
当前农业与室内灰尘中细菌多样性呈正相关，无论是否调整与多样性相关的非农业暴露因素，包括室内宠物、家庭状况和灰尘收集季节。许多分类群与农业相关的丰度差异有关。一些与 Chloroflexi 和 Verrucomicrobia 门相关的分类群（假发现率<0.05）与农业有关，但与其他非农业因素无关。许多与室内灰尘内毒素浓度相关的分类群有关，内毒素通常被用作农业环境暴露的一般标志物。
在这个农业人群中，室内灰尘微生物群因当前农业状况而异。了解室内微生物群的决定因素是了解与健康结果潜在关系的第一步。
