Owoeye Oluwatoyosi B A, Palacios-Derflingher Luz M, Emery Carolyn A
Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Clin J Sport Med. 2018 Jul;28(4):325-331. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000462.
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program in reducing the risk of ankle sprain injury (ASI) in youth soccer and basketball. The secondary objective included the evaluation of risk factors for ASI.
Secondary analysis of pooled data from 5 studies.
Male and female youth (11-18 years) soccer and basketball players (n = 2265) in Alberta, Canada.
Ankle sprain injury was the primary outcome and was recorded using a validated prospective injury surveillance system consistent in all studies. The primary exposure of interest was NMT warm-up, which included aerobic, strength, agility, and balance components. Multivariable Poisson regression, controlling for clustering by team and offset for exposure hours, was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with considerations for confounding and effect modification and evaluating all covariates as potential risk factors.
A total of 188 ASIs were reported in 171 players. Neuromuscular training significantly reduced the risk of ASI [IRR = 0.68 (95% CI; 0.46-0.99)]. Independent risk factors for ASI included previous ASI [IRR = 1.98 (95% CI; 1.38-2.81)] and participation in basketball versus soccer [IRR = 1.83 (95% CI; 1.18-2.85)]. Sex, age, body mass index, and previous lower extremity injury (without previous ASI) did not predict ASI (P > 0.05).
Exposure to an NMT program is significantly protective for ASI in youth soccer and basketball. Risk of ASI in youth basketball is greater than soccer, and players with a history of ASI are at greater risk.
本研究的主要目的是检验神经肌肉训练（NMT）热身计划在降低青少年足球和篮球运动员踝关节扭伤损伤（ASI）风险方面的有效性。次要目的包括评估ASI的风险因素。
对5项研究的汇总数据进行二次分析。
加拿大艾伯塔省年龄在11 - 18岁的男女青少年足球和篮球运动员（n = 2265）。
踝关节扭伤损伤是主要观察指标，所有研究均使用经过验证的前瞻性损伤监测系统进行记录。主要关注的暴露因素是NMT热身，其中包括有氧运动、力量、敏捷性和平衡训练部分。采用多变量泊松回归分析，控制团队聚类并对暴露时间进行偏移校正，以估计发病率比（IRR）及其95%置信区间（CI），同时考虑混杂因素和效应修饰，并将所有协变量评估为潜在风险因素。
共171名运动员报告了188例ASI。神经肌肉训练显著降低了ASI的风险[IRR = 0.68（95% CI；0.46 - 0.99）]。ASI的独立风险因素包括既往有ASI[IRR = 1.98（95% CI；1.38 - 2.81）]以及参与篮球运动相较于足球运动[IRR = 1.83（95% CI；1.18 - 2.85）]。性别、年龄、体重指数以及既往下肢损伤（无既往ASI）不能预测ASI（P > 0.05）。
参与NMT计划对青少年足球和篮球运动员的ASI具有显著的保护作用。青少年篮球运动员发生ASI的风险高于足球运动员，且有ASI病史的运动员风险更高。
