Aarts D, Barendrecht M, Kemler E, Gouttebarge V
Avans+ Improving Professionals, Breda, the Netherlands.
Dutch Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
S Afr J Sports Med. 2021 Jan 15;33(1):v33i1a10829. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2021/v33i1a10829. eCollection 2021.
Basketball is played by the youth worldwide, and various injuries occur in youth basketball. There is currently no overview of the incidence, the risk factors and preventive measures of musculoskeletal injuries among youth basketball players.
This systematic review describes the most common injuries among youth basketball players. The most common risk factors and various preventive measures and interventions have also been reported and discussed.
Search strategies were built based on groups of keywords, namely 'injury', 'youth basketball', and 'cohort'. Search strategies were entered into Medline and SPORTDiscus. Titles, abstracts and full text articles were screened by two researchers. Data from the included articles were extracted by one researcher and checked by another researcher.
Twenty-seven studies showed that the overall injury rate ranged from 2.64 to 3.83 per 1 000 hours of exposure. Ankle-(22%-37%) and knee injuries (5%-41%) were the most common injuries. Risk factors for knee injuries included ankle dorsiflexion with a range less than 36.5 degrees and female athletes with greater hip abduction strength. High variations of postural sway corresponded to occurrences of ankle injuries (p=0.01, OR =1.22; p<0.001, OR =1.22). A core intervention (rate = 4.99/1 000 athlete exposure (AEs)) focused on the trunk and lower extremity led to a reduction in injuries compared to a sham intervention (rate =7.72/1 000 AEs) (p=0.02). Wearing a McDavid Ultralight 195 brace reduced ankle injuries compared to the controls (HR 0.30; 95 % CI 0.17 0.90; p=0.03).
Ankle and knee injuries are the most common injuries among youth basketball players. Poor postural control, reduced ankle dorsiflexion and high hip abduction strength are the main risk factors. A neuromuscular warm-up, in combination with strength and stability exercises, seems to be the best training method to prevent injuries. Ankle injuries can be reduced by wearing a lace-up ankle brace.
篮球运动在全球青少年中广泛开展，青少年篮球运动中会出现各种损伤。目前尚无关于青少年篮球运动员肌肉骨骼损伤的发生率、危险因素及预防措施的综述。
本系统评价描述了青少年篮球运动员中最常见的损伤。还报告并讨论了最常见的危险因素以及各种预防措施和干预措施。
基于“损伤”“青少年篮球”和“队列”等关键词组构建检索策略。检索策略输入到Medline和SPORTDiscus数据库中。由两名研究人员筛选标题、摘要和全文文章。由一名研究人员提取纳入文章的数据，并由另一名研究人员进行核对。
27项研究表明，每1000小时暴露的总体损伤率在2.64至3.83之间。踝关节损伤（22%-37%）和膝关节损伤（5%-41%）是最常见的损伤。膝关节损伤的危险因素包括踝关节背屈范围小于36.5度以及髋外展力量较大的女性运动员。姿势摆动的高度变化与踝关节损伤的发生相关（p=0.01，优势比=1.22；p<0.001，优势比=1.22）。与假干预（发生率=7.72/1000运动员暴露次数（AEs））相比，一项针对躯干和下肢的核心干预（发生率=4.99/1000运动员暴露次数（AEs））导致损伤减少（p=0.02）。与对照组相比，佩戴McDavid Ultralight 195护具可减少踝关节损伤（风险比0.30；95%置信区间0.17至0.90；p=0.03）。
踝关节和膝关节损伤是青少年篮球运动员中最常见的损伤。姿势控制不佳、踝关节背屈减少和髋外展力量较大是主要危险因素。神经肌肉热身，结合力量和稳定性练习，似乎是预防损伤的最佳训练方法。佩戴系带踝关节护具可减少踝关节损伤。
