Rutter Michael, Sandberg Seija
MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF, GB-London, UK.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, G3 8SJ, GB-Glasgow, UK.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992 Jan;1(1):3-13. doi: 10.1007/BF02084429.
Key advances in life events research included recognition of the need to differentiate events that were independent of disorder; to take the social context of events into account; to assess life events in terms of the long term threat rather than degree of life change; to determine the temporal linkage between life events and onset of psychiatric disorder; to appreciate the importance of long term difficulties as well as acute events; and to examine the role of vulnerability and protective mechanisms in determining individual differences in response to life events. Stress effects in childhood are considered in terms of possible mediating mechanisms; of turning points in life trajectory; of individual differences in response; of difficulties in the concept and measurement of onset of psychiatric disorder; of possible additivity of negative life events; and of the origins of individual differences in exposure to negative life experiences.
生活事件研究的关键进展包括认识到需要区分与障碍无关的事件；考虑事件的社会背景；根据长期威胁而非生活变化程度来评估生活事件；确定生活事件与精神障碍发作之间的时间联系；认识到长期困难以及急性事件的重要性；以及研究易感性和保护机制在决定个体对生活事件反应差异方面的作用。童年期的应激效应从可能的中介机制、生命轨迹的转折点、反应的个体差异、精神障碍发作概念和测量中的困难、负面生活事件可能的累加性以及接触负面生活经历个体差异的根源等方面进行考量。
