Block J H, Block J, Gjerde P F
Child Dev. 1986 Aug;57(4):827-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00249.x.
In a longitudinal study, the personalities of children from intact families at ages 3, 4, and 7 were reliably assessed by independent sets of raters using Q-items reflecting important psychological characteristics of children. A number of these families subsequently experienced divorce. The behavior of boys was found, as early as 11 years prior to parental separation or formal dissolution of marriage, to be consistently affected by what can be presumed to be predivorce familial stress. The behavior of boys from subsequently divorcing families was characterized by undercontrol of impulse, aggression, and excessive energy prior to parental divorce. The behavior of girls from subsequently divorcing families was found to be notably less affected by the stresses in families prior to parental divorce. The prospective relations afforded by the longitudinal analyses suggest that the behavior of conflicting, inaccessible parents during the preseparation period may have serious consequences for personality development, especially for boys. Hence, some characteristics of children commonly seen to be a consequence of divorce may be present prior to marital dissolution.
在一项纵向研究中，完整家庭中3岁、4岁和7岁儿童的个性由独立的评估人员组通过反映儿童重要心理特征的Q项目进行可靠评估。其中一些家庭随后经历了离婚。早在父母分居或正式解除婚姻关系的11年前，就发现男孩的行为一直受到可推测为离婚前家庭压力的影响。来自随后离婚家庭的男孩在父母离婚前的行为特征是冲动控制不足、攻击性强和精力过剩。来自随后离婚家庭的女孩的行为被发现受父母离婚前家庭压力的影响明显较小。纵向分析提供的前瞻性关系表明，分居前冲突、难以接近的父母的行为可能对个性发展产生严重后果，尤其是对男孩。因此，一些通常被视为离婚后果的儿童特征可能在婚姻解体之前就已存在。
