Pescosolido Nicola, Buomprisco Giuseppe
Professor, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences.
Resident Physician (Intern), University "Sapienza" of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Sense Organs, Rome, Italy.
Eur Endocrinol. 2014 Feb;10(1):61-65. doi: 10.17925/EE.2014.10.01.61. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Retinopathy is a serious and common complication of diabetes that represents the leading cause of blindness, among people of working age, in developed countries. It is estimated that the number of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) will increase from 126.6 million in 2011 to 191 million by 2030. The visual function that seems to be affected first in the course of DR is probably the contrast sensitivity; in addition, being mainly a macular function, the perception of colour is also compromised. Moreover, the duration of the disease, the levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA) and the presence of cystoid macular oedema are strongly associated with the impairment of fixation stability in patients with diabetes with clinically significant macular oedema, suggesting the possible diagnostic role of microperimetry. The test of contrast sensitivity and the microperimetry and the chromatic sensitivity tests have proved to be useful, safe, reproducible and inexpensive tools to diagnose the disease early.
视网膜病变是糖尿病一种严重且常见的并发症，在发达国家，它是劳动年龄人群失明的主要原因。据估计，糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者数量将从2011年的1.266亿增加到2030年的1.91亿。在DR病程中似乎首先受到影响的视觉功能可能是对比敏感度；此外，作为主要的黄斑功能，颜色感知也会受到损害。而且，疾病持续时间、糖化血红蛋白（HbA）水平以及黄斑囊样水肿的存在与患有具有临床意义的黄斑水肿的糖尿病患者注视稳定性受损密切相关，这表明微视野检查可能具有诊断作用。对比敏感度测试、微视野检查和色觉敏感度测试已被证明是早期诊断该疾病的有用、安全、可重复且廉价的工具。
