Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia;
Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
Pediatrics. 2018 Jul;142(1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2623. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation during infancy may reduce adult cardiovascular risk as observed in animals. We assessed the effect of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in infancy on growth, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors at 5 years of age.
Infants were randomly assigned to a daily supplement of n-3 LCPUFA or olive oil (control) from birth to 6 months ( = 420). Measurements included weight, length, cord blood adipokines at birth and anthropometry, skinfolds, blood pressure, heart rate, fasting blood adipokines, and biochemistry at 5 years.
The infants who received n-3 LCPUFA had a smaller waist circumference at 5 years (coefficient: 1.1 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01 to 2.14), which remained significant after adjustments for confounders (coefficient: 0.8 cm; 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.30). Five-year-old boys who received n-3 LCPUFA supplementation as infants had a 21% reduction in insulin concentrations (ratio: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.94) and a 22% reduction in insulin resistance (ratio: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.95) compared with the control group. There were no other differences in growth and cardiometabolic risk factors between the groups for the whole cohort at birth, 2.5, or 5 years.
Supplementation with n-3 LCPUFA in infancy revealed a reduction in waist circumference at 5 years. Boys in the n-3 LCPUFA group showed reduced insulin concentrations and insulin resistance at 5 years, which may have beneficial outcomes for later health. No effects were seen in girls. Longer term follow-up of the cohort is warranted to determine whether these differences are maintained into adolescence.
在婴儿期补充欧米伽-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFA）可降低动物成年后的心血管风险。我们评估了婴儿期补充 n-3 LCPUFA 对 5 岁时生长、身体成分和心血管代谢危险因素的影响。
婴儿从出生到 6 个月时随机分配每天补充 n-3 LCPUFA 或橄榄油（对照组）。测量包括体重、身长、出生时脐带血脂肪因子和人体测量学、皮褶厚度、血压、心率、空腹血脂肪因子和 5 岁时的生化指标。
接受 n-3 LCPUFA 补充的婴儿在 5 岁时腰围较小（系数：1.1cm；95%置信区间[CI]：0.01 至 2.14），在调整混杂因素后仍有显著差异（系数：0.8cm；95%CI：0.19 至 1.30）。接受 n-3 LCPUFA 补充的婴儿在 5 岁时胰岛素浓度降低 21%（比值：0.79；95%CI：0.66 至 0.94），胰岛素抵抗降低 22%（比值：0.78；95%CI：0.64 至 0.95）。在整个队列中，出生时、2.5 岁和 5 岁时，两组在生长和心血管代谢危险因素方面均无其他差异。
婴儿期补充 n-3 LCPUFA 可降低 5 岁时的腰围。n-3 LCPUFA 组的男孩在 5 岁时表现出胰岛素浓度降低和胰岛素抵抗降低，这可能对以后的健康有有益的影响。女孩没有观察到这些差异。需要对该队列进行更长期的随访，以确定这些差异是否持续到青春期。
