López-Alarcón M, Inda-Icaza P, Márquez-Maldonado M C, Armenta-Álvarez A, Barbosa-Cortés L, Maldonado-Hernández J, Piña-Aguero M, Barradas-Vázquez A, Núñez-García B A, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Fernández J R
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Anahuac, Mexico.
Pediatr Obes. 2019 May;14(5):e12499. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12499. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
Paediatric obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are potentially reversible inflammatory conditions. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (LCPUFA-ω3) show anti-inflammatory and metabolic properties, but their clinical efficacy is unclear.
The objective of this study is to evaluate whether supplementation with LCPUFA-ω3 for 3 months reduces insulin resistance and weight to adolescents with obesity.
Double-blind trial of 366 adolescents with obesity randomly assigned to 1.2-g LCPUFA-ω3 (DO3) or 1-g sunflower oil (DP) daily for 3 months; both groups received an energy-restricted diet. Children attended monthly for anthropometric, dietary, and clinical measurements. Basal and final blood samples were obtained to measure metabolic markers and erythrocytes fatty acids. Regression models were used for analysis.
A total of 119 DO3 and 126 DP children completed follow-up. At baseline, 92% of children presented IR, 66% hypertriglyceridemia, 37% low-grade inflammation, and 32% metabolic syndrome. Despite erythrocytes LCPUFA-ω3 increased more in DO3 (Median differences = 0.984 w/w%; 95 IC = 0.47, 1.53, P < 0.001), body weight, insulin, and HOMA changed similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for basal values, changes in weight, insulin, and HOMA was not related with supplementation.
Supplementation with LCPUFA-ω3 does not affect body weight or insulin in adolescents with obesity.
儿童肥胖和胰岛素抵抗（IR）是潜在可逆的炎症性疾病。长链多不饱和脂肪酸ω-3（LCPUFA-ω3）具有抗炎和代谢特性，但其临床疗效尚不清楚。
本研究的目的是评估对肥胖青少年补充LCPUFA-ω3 3个月是否能降低胰岛素抵抗和体重。
对366名肥胖青少年进行双盲试验，随机分为两组，一组每天补充1.2克LCPUFA-ω3（DO3组），另一组每天补充1克葵花籽油（DP组），为期3个月；两组均接受能量限制饮食。儿童每月接受人体测量、饮食和临床测量。采集基础和最终血样以测量代谢标志物和红细胞脂肪酸。采用回归模型进行分析。
共有119名DO3组儿童和126名DP组儿童完成随访。基线时，92%的儿童存在IR，66%的儿童有高甘油三酯血症，37%的儿童有低度炎症，32%的儿童有代谢综合征。尽管DO3组红细胞LCPUFA-ω3增加更多（中位数差异=0.984 w/w%；95%置信区间=0.47，1.53，P<0.001），但干预结束时两组的体重、胰岛素和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA）变化相似。校正基础值后，体重、胰岛素和HOMA的变化与补充剂无关。
补充LCPUFA-ω3对肥胖青少年的体重或胰岛素无影响。
