ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rua de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 2250-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
CEACV - Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; UTAD - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences School, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Histopathology, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 1;622-623:1131-1142. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.020. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
Microplastics and antimicrobials are widely spread environmental contaminants and more research on their toxicity is needed. The uptake and effects of the antimicrobial florfenicol, microplastics, and their mixtures on Corbicula fluminea were investigated. Bivalves were exposed for 96h to florfenicol (1.8 and 7.1mg/l), microplastics (0.2 and 0.7mg/l), or mixtures of the two substances. After 96h, all bivalves exposed to antimicrobial treatments had florfenicol in their body (e.g. 2±1μg/g). Microplastics were found in the gut, lumen of the digestive gland, connective tissue, hemolymphatic sinuses, and gills surface of animals. Florfenicol caused a significant inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity (~32%). Animals exposed to 0.2mg/l of microplastics showed ChE activity inhibition (31%), and no other significant alterations. Mixtures caused feeding inhibition (57-83%), significant ChE inhibition (44-57%) and of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, and increased anti-oxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation levels. Overall, the results indicate that C. fluminea take up florfenicol and microplastics from the water and accumulated or at least retained it in their body for some time; both florfenicol (low ppm range) and microplastics (ppb range) were toxic to C. fluminea, with mixtures containing florfenicol and microplastics being more toxic. Thus, the risk of exposure and toxic effects of florfenicol to C. fluminea and other bivalves, and its predators increase in ecosystems contaminated with the antimicrobial and microplastics, as well as to humans consuming contaminated species from these ecosystems.
微塑料和抗菌剂是广泛分布的环境污染物，需要更多关于它们毒性的研究。本研究调查了抗菌剂氟苯尼考、微塑料及其混合物对铜锈环棱螺的摄取和影响。双壳类动物在氟苯尼考（1.8 和 7.1mg/l）、微塑料（0.2 和 0.7mg/l）或两者混合物中暴露 96h。96h 后，所有暴露于抗菌处理的双壳类动物体内都含有氟苯尼考（例如 2±1μg/g）。微塑料被发现存在于动物的肠道、消化腺管腔、结缔组织、血淋巴窦和鳃表面。氟苯尼考导致胆碱酯酶（ChE）活性显著抑制（~32%）。暴露于 0.2mg/l 微塑料的动物表现出 ChE 活性抑制（31%），没有其他显著变化。混合物导致摄食抑制（57-83%）、ChE 显著抑制（44-57%）和异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性降低，以及抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平增加。总的来说，结果表明，铜锈环棱螺从水中摄取氟苯尼考和微塑料，并在其体内积累或至少保留一段时间；氟苯尼考（低 ppm 范围）和微塑料（ppb 范围）对铜锈环棱螺都有毒性，含有氟苯尼考和微塑料的混合物毒性更大。因此，在受抗菌剂和微塑料污染的生态系统中，氟苯尼考对铜锈环棱螺和其他双壳类动物及其捕食者的暴露风险和毒性效应增加，以及人类从这些生态系统中食用受污染的物种的风险增加。
