Littlejohn Paula, Cop Irene, Brown Erin, Afroze Rimi, Davison Karen M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Health Science, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Jun 11;7(6):e115. doi: 10.2196/resprot.9846.
Although nutrition interventions are a widely accepted resource for the prevention of long-term health conditions, current approaches have not adequately reduced chronic disease morbidity. Nutrigenomics has great potential; however, it is complicated to implement. There is a need for products based on nutrition-related gene test results that are easily understood, accessible, and used.
The primary objective of this study was to compare a nonpractitioner-assisted direct-to-consumer self-driven approach to nutrigenomics versus an integrated and personalized practitioner-led method.
This 4-month study used a mixed-methods design that included (1) a phase 1 randomized controlled trial that examined the effectiveness of a multifaceted, nutrition-based gene test (components assessed included major nutrients, food tolerances, food taste and preferences, and micronutrients) in changing health behaviors, followed by (2) a qualitative investigation that explored participants' experiences. The study recruited 55 healthy males and females (aged 35-55 years) randomized as a 2:1 ratio where 36 received the intervention (gene test results plus integrated and personalized nutrition report) and 19 were assigned to the control group (gene test results report emailed). The primary outcomes of interest measures included changes in diet (nutrients, healthy eating index), changes in measures on General Self-efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life scales, and anthropometrics (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio) measured at baseline, post intervention (3 and 6 weeks), and the final visit (week 9 post intervention).
Of the 478 individuals who expressed interest, 180 were invited (37.7%, 180/478) and completed the eligibility screening questionnaire; 73 of the 180 invited individuals (40.5%) were deemed eligible. Of the 73 individuals who were deemed to be eligible, 58 completed the baseline health questionnaire and food records (79%). Of these 58 individuals, 3 were excluded either because they did not complete all required data collection forms or were later found to be ineligible. The final sample (n=55) was mostly female (75%), married (85%), and those who had completed postsecondary education (62%).
This study will leverage quantitative and qualitative findings, which will guide the development of nutrigenomics-based products in electronic formats that are user-friendly for consumers and health professionals. Although the quantitative data have not been analyzed yet, the overwhelming interest in the study and the extremely high retention rate show that there is a great degree of interest in this field. Given this interest and the fact that nutrigenomics is an evolving science, a need for continued research exists to further the understanding of the role of genetic variation and its role and applications in nutrition practice.
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03310814; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03310814 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yGnU5deB).
RR1-10.2196/9846.
尽管营养干预是预防长期健康问题的一种广泛认可的手段，但目前的方法尚未充分降低慢性病的发病率。营养基因组学具有巨大潜力；然而，其实施过程较为复杂。需要基于营养相关基因检测结果开发易于理解、获取和使用的产品。
本研究的主要目的是比较非从业者辅助的直接面向消费者的自我驱动型营养基因组学方法与综合且个性化的从业者主导方法。
这项为期4个月的研究采用混合方法设计，包括：（1）一项1期随机对照试验，该试验检验了一种多方面的、基于营养的基因检测（评估的组成部分包括主要营养素、食物耐受性、食物口味和偏好以及微量营养素）在改变健康行为方面的有效性，随后是（2）一项定性调查，探究参与者的经历。该研究招募了55名健康男性和女性（年龄在35 - 55岁之间），按2:1的比例随机分组，其中36人接受干预（基因检测结果加上综合且个性化的营养报告），19人被分配到对照组（通过电子邮件发送基因检测结果报告）。主要关注的测量结果包括饮食变化（营养素、健康饮食指数）、一般自我效能感量表和健康相关生活质量量表上的测量指标变化，以及在基线、干预后（3周和6周）和最终访视（干预后第9周）测量的人体测量指标（体重指数、腰臀比）。
在478名表示感兴趣的个体中，180人被邀请（37.7%，180/478）并完成了资格筛选问卷；180名被邀请个体中有73人（40.5%）被认为符合资格。在这73名被认为符合资格的个体中，58人完成了基线健康问卷和食物记录（79%）。在这58名个体中，3人被排除，要么是因为他们没有完成所有要求的数据收集表格，要么后来被发现不符合资格。最终样本（n = 55）大多为女性（75%）、已婚（85%）且完成了高等教育（62%）。
本研究将利用定量和定性研究结果，这将指导以电子形式开发对消费者和健康专业人员都用户友好的基于营养基因组学的产品。尽管定量数据尚未进行分析，但该研究中极高的兴趣度和保留率表明该领域存在极大的关注度。鉴于这种兴趣以及营养基因组学是一门不断发展的科学，有必要继续开展研究以进一步了解基因变异在营养实践中的作用及其应用。
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03310814；http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03310814（由WebCite存档于http://www.webcitation.org/6yGnU5deB）。
RR1 - 10.2196/9846。
