Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, 13th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Division of Epidemiology and Population Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, 1007B, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Mar;7(1):10-20. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0222-5.
We reviewed the most recent literature examining the associations between the Mediterranean-style diet (MD), neurodegenerative diseases, and markers and mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
Most, but not all, epidemiologic studies report a protective association between MD adherence, cognitive impairment, and brain health. Data from clinical trials supporting these observational findings are also emerging. Limited evidence suggests that MD adherence may be protective for Parkinson's disease risk. Mechanistically, plant polyphenols may activate similar molecular pathways as caloric restriction diets, which helps explain the neuroprotective properties of the MD. Evidence for cognitive disorders is abundant, but there is a dearth of literature for other neurodegenerative disorders and for markers of neurodegeneration. Further research is needed to elucidate the protective role of MD on neurodegeneration, the most salient components of the MD, and the most sensitive time periods over the lifecourse at which the MD may exert its effects.
我们回顾了最近的文献，探讨了地中海式饮食（MD）与神经退行性疾病以及神经退行性变的标志物和机制之间的关联。
大多数（但不是全部）流行病学研究报告称，MD 坚持度与认知障碍和大脑健康之间存在保护关联。支持这些观察结果的临床试验数据也正在出现。有限的证据表明，MD 坚持度可能对帕金森病风险具有保护作用。从机制上讲，植物多酚可能会激活与热量限制饮食相似的分子途径，这有助于解释 MD 的神经保护特性。关于认知障碍的证据很多，但关于其他神经退行性疾病和神经退行性变标志物的文献却很少。需要进一步的研究来阐明 MD 对神经退行性变的保护作用、MD 最显著的组成部分以及 MD 可能在整个生命周期中发挥作用的最敏感时间段。
