Barbalace Maria Cristina, Talotta Rossella, Rapisarda Federica, D'Amico Valeria, Laganà Martina, Malaguti Marco, Campennì Alfredo, Cannavò Salvatore, Hrelia Silvana, Ruggeri Rosaria Maddalena
Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", 98124 Messina, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 19;17(8):1383. doi: 10.3390/nu17081383.
In recent years, autoimmune diseases are becoming more and more prevalent worldwide, with this rapid rise being influenced by environmental factors linked to lifestyle changes in modern societies. In this context, the role of diet has been the topic of extensive research as evidence has mounted that particular dietary patterns may contribute to or modulate autoimmunity. The present review specifically focuses on the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a whole dietary pattern, and on its peculiar components, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols and fiber. We explored their potential benefits in a spectrum of both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune disorders, including rheumatic diseases (like rheumatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus), and thyroid diseases (like Hashimoto's thyroiditis), since they often occur in the same individuals. Here, we offer a comprehensive review about the influence of dietary factors on these autoimmune diseases and potential translation into therapeutic interventions, as an adjuvant therapeutic approach to improve autoimmunity-related outcomes.
近年来，自身免疫性疾病在全球范围内日益普遍，这种快速增长受到与现代社会生活方式变化相关的环境因素影响。在此背景下，饮食的作用一直是广泛研究的主题，因为越来越多的证据表明特定的饮食模式可能会导致或调节自身免疫。本综述特别关注地中海饮食（MD）这一整体饮食模式及其独特成分，如n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）、多酚和纤维。我们探讨了它们在一系列全身性和器官特异性自身免疫性疾病中的潜在益处，包括风湿性疾病（如类风湿性关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮）以及甲状腺疾病（如桥本甲状腺炎），因为这些疾病常发生于同一患者。在此，我们全面综述饮食因素对这些自身免疫性疾病的影响以及可能转化为治疗干预措施的情况，作为一种辅助治疗方法以改善自身免疫相关结局。
