Chorazy M
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1985;109(3):159-72. doi: 10.1007/BF00390351.
A substantial part of the mammalian genome is composed of sequences that do not contain structural genes. These sequences may constitute the major target for physical, chemical and biological DNA-damaging agents and can be involved in carcinogenesis. DNA-damaging agents contribute to the instability of the genome by introducing recombination-prone sites at DNA; these agents lead to extensive chromosomal lesions and rearrangements of genes and their regulatory sequences. Movable sequences that exist and operate in certain bacteria, yeast, and the fruit fly are responsible for sequence rearrangements and contribute to the majority of mutations. Their presence and role in higher animals is not well established. Extensive chromosomal rearrangements were identified in numerous malignancies in man and animals and definitely seem to represent a characteristic of malignancy. Vast chromosomal damage and sequence reshuffling may be of no less importance in the malignant transformation than the point mutation of a particular gene.
哺乳动物基因组的很大一部分由不包含结构基因的序列组成。这些序列可能构成物理、化学和生物DNA损伤剂的主要靶点，并可能参与致癌过程。DNA损伤剂通过在DNA上引入易于重组的位点导致基因组不稳定；这些试剂会导致广泛的染色体损伤以及基因及其调控序列的重排。存在于某些细菌、酵母和果蝇中并在其中起作用的可移动序列会导致序列重排，并导致大多数突变。它们在高等动物中的存在和作用尚未完全明确。在人和动物的许多恶性肿瘤中都发现了广泛的染色体重排，这显然是恶性肿瘤的一个特征。在恶性转化过程中，巨大的染色体损伤和序列改组可能与特定基因的点突变同样重要。
