Wagner Herbert, Fuchs Patrick, Fusco Andrea, Fuchs Philip, Bell Jeffrey W, von Duvillard Serge P
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Jan 1;14(1):60-67. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0014.
Biological differences between men and women are well known; however, literature addressing knowledge about the influence of sex on specific and general performance in team handball is almost nonexistent. Consequently, the aim of the study was to assess and compare specific and general physical performance in male and female elite team-handball players, to determine if the differences are consequential for general compared with specific physical performance characteristics and the relationship between general and specific physical performance.
Twelve male and 10 female elite team-handball players performed a game-based performance test, upper- and lower-body strength and power tests, a sprinting test, and an incremental treadmill running test.
Significant differences (P < .05) between male and female players were found for peak oxygen uptake and total running time during the treadmill test, 30-m sprinting time, leg-extension strength, trunk- and shoulder-rotation torque, and countermovement-jump height, as well as offense and defense time, ball velocity, and jump height in the game-based performance test. An interaction (sex × test) was found for time and oxygen uptake, and except shoulder-rotation torque and ball velocity in women, the authors found only a low relationship between specific and general physical performance.
The results of the study revealed that male players are heavier, taller, faster, and stronger; jump higher; and have better aerobic performance. However, female players performed relatively better in the team-handball-specific tests than in the general tests. The findings also suggest that female players should focus more on strength training.
男性和女性之间的生物学差异众所周知；然而，几乎不存在关于性别对团队手球特定和一般表现影响的知识的文献。因此，本研究的目的是评估和比较男女精英团队手球运动员的特定和一般身体表现，以确定与特定身体表现特征相比，这些差异对一般身体表现是否有影响，以及一般和特定身体表现之间的关系。
12名男性和10名女性精英团队手球运动员进行了基于比赛的表现测试、上半身和下半身力量与功率测试、短跑测试以及递增式跑步机跑步测试。
在跑步机测试中的峰值摄氧量和总跑步时间、30米短跑时间、腿部伸展力量、躯干和肩部旋转扭矩、反向移动跳跃高度，以及在基于比赛的表现测试中的进攻和防守时间、球速和跳跃高度方面，男女运动员之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。在时间和摄氧量方面发现了交互作用（性别×测试），并且除了女性的肩部旋转扭矩和球速外，作者发现特定和一般身体表现之间只有低相关性。
研究结果表明，男性运动员更重、更高、更快、更强壮；跳得更高；并且有氧表现更好。然而，女性运动员在团队手球特定测试中的表现相对优于一般测试。研究结果还表明，女性运动员应更多地关注力量训练。
