Wagner Herbert, Fuchs Philip X, von Duvillard Serge P
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria -
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Jan-Feb;58(1-2):73-81. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06758-X. Epub 2017 May 30.
Team handball is a dynamic sport game that is played professionally in numerous countries. However, knowledge about training and competition is based mostly on practical experience due to limited scientific studies. Consequently, the aims of our study were to compare specific physiological and biomechanical performance in elite, sub-elite and in non-elite male team handball players.
Thirty-six elite, sub-elite and non-elite male team handball players performed a game based performance test, upper-body and lower-body strength tests, 30-m sprint test, counter movement jump test and an incremental treadmill running test.
Significant differences (P<0.05) were found for the peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, offense and defense time, jump height and ball velocity during the jump throw in the game based performance test, maximal oxygen uptake in the incremental treadmill running test as well as in maximal leg strength and leg explosive strength in the isometric strength test.
Elite male players have an enhanced specific agility, a better throwing performance, a higher team handball specific oxygen uptake and higher leg strength compared to sub-elite and non-elite players. Based on these results we recommend that training in team handball should focus on game based training methods to improve performance in specific agility, endurance and technique.
手球是一项充满活力的体育项目，在许多国家都有职业赛事。然而，由于科学研究有限，关于训练和比赛的知识大多基于实践经验。因此，我们研究的目的是比较精英、次精英和非精英男性手球运动员的特定生理和生物力学表现。
36名精英、次精英和非精英男性手球运动员进行了基于比赛的表现测试、上半身和下半身力量测试、30米短跑测试、纵跳测试以及递增式跑步机跑步测试。
在基于比赛的表现测试中的跳跃投掷过程中，峰值摄氧量、心率、进攻和防守时间、跳跃高度和球速，递增式跑步机跑步测试中的最大摄氧量，以及等长力量测试中的最大腿部力量和腿部爆发力方面均发现了显著差异（P<0.05）。
与次精英和非精英运动员相比，精英男性运动员具有更强的特定敏捷性、更好的投掷表现、更高的手球特定摄氧量和更强的腿部力量。基于这些结果，我们建议手球训练应侧重于基于比赛的训练方法，以提高特定敏捷性、耐力和技术方面的表现。
