2002-2014 年美国烟民和非烟民中非法药物使用趋势。
Trends in Illicit Drug Use Among Smokers and Nonsmokers in the United States, 2002-2014.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
出版信息
J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 May/Jun;79(3). doi: 10.4088/JCP.17m11718.
OBJECTIVE
Cigarette smoking has declined in the United States. Still, identifying prevalent and modifiable barriers to quitting can help inform the next steps for tobacco control. Illicit drug use, which may be increasingly common in the United States, could be one such factor. We investigated the relationship between past-month illicit drug use and cigarette smoking status and estimated trends in the prevalence of past-month illicit drug use by cigarette smoking status from 2002 to 2014 in the United States.
METHODS
The 2002-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used to obtain nationally representative data on past-month illicit drug use.
RESULTS
From 2002 to 2014, past-month illicit drug use (for all drugs considered) was nearly 5 times more common among current smokers than among never smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 4.79) and nearly twice as prevalent in former smokers as in never smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.99). Illicit drug use increased linearly over time from 2002 to 2014 in the entire general population (ie, across and within current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers). This increasing trend in drug use was most rapid among former smokers (relative to current smokers and never smokers) and was largely, but not entirely, driven by increases in cannabis use.
CONCLUSIONS
Illicit drug use is most prevalent among current cigarette smokers. Yet, the rate of increase in illicit drug use prevalence was most rapid among former smokers. Because former smokers outnumber current smokers in the general population, it may be important to monitor former smokers into the future for potential negative drug-related outcomes.
目的
美国的吸烟人数有所下降。然而，确定普遍存在且可改变的戒烟障碍因素可以为下一步的烟草控制工作提供信息。在美国，非法药物的使用可能越来越普遍，这可能是一个这样的因素。我们调查了过去一个月内非法药物使用与吸烟状况之间的关系，并估计了从 2002 年到 2014 年期间，按吸烟状况划分的过去一个月内非法药物使用的流行趋势。
方法
使用 2002-2014 年全国毒品使用和健康调查来获取关于过去一个月内非法药物使用的全国代表性数据。
结果
从 2002 年到 2014 年，当前吸烟者过去一个月内使用非法药物（所有考虑的药物）的比例几乎是从不吸烟者的 5 倍（调整后的优势比=4.79），而前吸烟者比从不吸烟者高出近两倍（调整后的优势比=1.99）。在整个普通人群中（即在当前吸烟者、前吸烟者和从不吸烟者中），非法药物的使用从 2002 年到 2014 年呈线性增长。在所有吸烟者、前吸烟者和从不吸烟者中，这种药物使用的增长趋势在过去吸烟者中最快（相对于当前吸烟者和从不吸烟者），而且在很大程度上（但并非完全）是由大麻使用的增加驱动的。
结论
非法药物的使用在当前吸烟人群中最为普遍。然而，非法药物使用流行率的增长速度在过去吸烟者中最快。由于前吸烟者在普通人群中超过当前吸烟者，因此未来可能需要对前吸烟者进行监测，以防止潜在的负面药物相关后果。
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