Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States of America.
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States of America.
Prev Med. 2018 Sep;114:57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 9.
Barriers to safe walking may prevent people from being physically active, and previous reports have identified differences in barriers to safe walking across racial and ethnic groups. The purpose of this research was to determine the role demographic characteristics play on racial/ethnic differences in perceived barriers to safe walking and determine if racial/ethnic differences vary by urban/rural residence and Census region. Participants in the 2015 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplement (n = 31,433 adults ≥18 years) reported perceived barriers to safe walking (traffic, crime, and animals) and demographic characteristics. Urban/rural residence and Census region were based on home addresses. We calculated adjusted prevalence of barriers by race/ethnicity using logistic regression; geographic differences in barriers across racial/ethnic groups were examined via interaction terms. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, non-Hispanic blacks (blacks) and Hispanics reported crime and animals as barriers more frequently than non-Hispanic whites (whites) (crime: blacks, 22.2%; Hispanics, 16.7%; whites, 9.0%; animals: blacks, 18.0%; Hispanics, 12.4%; whites, 8.5%). Racial/ethnic differences in perceived crime as a barrier were more pronounced in the Northeast and Midwest than in the South and West. Urban-dwelling blacks (all regions) and Hispanics (Midwest and South) reported animals as barriers more frequently than whites. Racial/ethnic differences in perceived barriers to safe walking remained after adjusting for demographic characteristics and varied by geographic location. Addressing perceived crime and animals as barriers to walking could help reduce racial/ethnic differences in physical activity, and several barriers may need to be assessed to account for geographic variation.
阻碍安全行走的因素可能会使人们无法进行身体活动，先前的报告已经确定了不同种族和族裔群体在安全行走障碍方面的差异。本研究旨在确定人口统计学特征在感知安全行走障碍的种族/族裔差异中的作用，并确定种族/族裔差异是否因城乡居住和人口普查区域而异。2015 年国家健康访谈调查癌症控制增刊（n=31433 名≥18 岁成年人）的参与者报告了感知安全行走障碍（交通、犯罪和动物）和人口统计学特征。城乡居住和人口普查区域是根据家庭住址确定的。我们使用逻辑回归计算了按种族/族裔划分的障碍调整后患病率；通过交互项检查了不同种族/族裔群体的障碍在地理上的差异。在调整人口统计学特征后，非西班牙裔黑人（黑人）和西班牙裔报告犯罪和动物是障碍的频率高于非西班牙裔白人（白人）（犯罪：黑人，22.2%；西班牙裔，16.7%；白人，9.0%；动物：黑人，18.0%；西班牙裔，12.4%；白人，8.5%）。与南方和西部相比，在东北部和中西部，感知犯罪作为障碍的种族/族裔差异更为明显。在所有地区，城市黑人（所有地区）和西班牙裔（中西部和南部）报告动物是障碍的频率高于白人。在调整人口统计学特征后，感知安全行走障碍的种族/族裔差异仍然存在，并且因地理位置而异。解决感知犯罪和动物作为行走障碍的问题可能有助于减少身体活动中的种族/族裔差异，并且可能需要评估几个障碍以考虑地理差异。
