Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman.
College of Nursing, Washington State University - Vancouver.
Gerontologist. 2019 Jan 9;59(1):101-111. doi: 10.1093/geront/gny071.
Smart home auto-prompting has the potential to increase the functional independence of persons with dementia (PWDs) and decrease caregiver burden as instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are completed at home. To improve prompting technologies, we sought to inductively understand how PWDs responded to auto-prompting while performing IADL tasks.
Fifteen PWDs completed eight IADLs in a smart home testbed and received a hierarchy of verbal auto-prompts (indirect, direct, multimodal) as needed for task completion. Two researchers viewed archived videos and recorded the observed behaviors of the PWDs and their reflections watching the PWDs. Using qualitative descriptive methods, an interdisciplinary analytic team reviewed transcripts and organized data into themes using content analysis.
Context and Communication emerged as the major themes, suggesting that positive user experiences will require auto-prompting systems to account for a multitude of contextual factors (individual and environmental) such as level of cognitive impairment, previous exposure to task, and familiarity of environment. Communicating with another human rather than an automated prompting system may be important if individuals begin to exhibit signs of stress while completing activities.
Additional work is needed to create auto-prompting systems that provide specific, personalized, and flexible prompts. Holistic conceptualization of "successful task completion" is needed and a positive end-user experience will be key to utility. Such systems will benefit from including positive reinforcement, training, and exploration of how, and whether, direct human involvement can be minimized during the provision of in-home care.
智能家居自动提示有可能提高痴呆症患者（PWD）的功能独立性，并减轻照顾者的负担，因为他们可以在家中完成日常生活活动（IADLs）。为了改进提示技术，我们试图归纳性地了解 PWD 在执行 IADL 任务时对自动提示的反应。
15 名 PWD 在智能家居测试平台中完成了八项 IADL，并根据完成任务的需要接受了口头自动提示的层次结构（间接、直接、多模式）。两名研究人员查看了存档视频，并记录了 PWD 的观察行为及其观看 PWD 的反思。使用定性描述方法，一个跨学科分析团队审查了转录本，并使用内容分析将数据组织成主题。
语境和沟通是主要主题，这表明积极的用户体验将需要自动提示系统考虑到许多上下文因素（个人和环境），例如认知障碍程度、对任务的先前接触和环境的熟悉程度。如果个人在完成活动时开始表现出压力迹象，与另一个人而不是自动化提示系统进行沟通可能很重要。
需要进一步的工作来创建提供具体、个性化和灵活提示的自动提示系统。需要对“成功完成任务”进行全面的概念化，积极的最终用户体验将是实用性的关键。此类系统将受益于包括正强化、培训以及探索在提供家庭护理时如何以及是否可以最小化直接人工参与。
