PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL.
PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Purchase, NY.
J Nutr. 2018 May 1;148(5):693-701. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy023.
Higher-protein meals (>25 g protein/meal) have been associated with enhanced satiety but the role of amino acids is unclear. Leucine has been proposed to stimulate satiety in rodents but has not been assessed in humans.
We assessed the acute effects of lower-protein nutrition bars, enhanced with a leucine peptide (LP), on postprandial appetite sensations in combination with plasma leucine and peptide YY (PYY) in healthy women.
Utilizing a double-blind randomized crossover design, 40 healthy women [28 ± 7.5 y; body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2): 23.5 ± 2.4] consumed the following isocaloric (180 kcal) pre-loads on 3 separate visits: control bar [9 g protein with 0 g added LP (0-g LP)] or treatment bars [11 g protein with 2 g added LP (2-g LP) or 13 g protein with 3 g added LP (3-g LP)]. Pre- and postprandial hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (PFC), fullness, and plasma leucine were assessed every 30 min for 240 min. Plasma PYY was assessed hourly for 240 min (n = 24).
Main effects of time (P < 0.0001) and treatment (P < 0.03) were detected for postprandial hunger, desire to eat, PFC, and fullness. Post hoc analyses revealed that the 2-g and 3-g LP bars elicited greater increases in fullness and greater decreases in PFC compared with 0-g LP (all, P < 0.05) with no differences between the 2-g and 3-g LP bars. The 2-g bar elicited greater decreases in hunger and desire to eat compared with the 0-g LP bar (both, P ≤ 0.01), whereas 3-g LP did not. Appetite incremental areas under the curves (iAUCs) and PYY outcomes were not different between bars. A treatment × time interaction was detected for plasma leucine with increases occurring in a leucine-dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001).
Despite the dose-dependent increases in plasma leucine following the consumption of lower-protein bars enhanced with LP, only the 2-g LP bar elicited consistent postprandial changes in select appetite sensations compared with the 0-g LP bar. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02091570.
较高蛋白餐（>25 克蛋白质/餐）与增强饱腹感有关，但氨基酸的作用尚不清楚。亮氨酸已被提议刺激啮齿动物的饱腹感，但尚未在人体中进行评估。
我们评估了低蛋白营养棒（添加亮氨酸肽（LP））对健康女性餐后食欲感觉的急性影响，并结合血浆亮氨酸和肽 YY（PYY）进行评估。
利用双盲随机交叉设计，40 名健康女性[28 ± 7.5 岁；体重指数（BMI，kg/m2）：23.5 ± 2.4]在 3 次单独访视中摄入以下等热量（180 卡路里）预加载物：对照棒[含 9 克蛋白质，无添加 LP（0-g LP）]或治疗棒[含 11 克蛋白质，添加 2 克 LP（2-g LP）或 13 克蛋白质，添加 3 克 LP（3-g LP）]。在 240 分钟内，每 30 分钟评估一次餐前和餐后饥饿感、食欲、预期食物摄入量（PFC）、饱腹感和血浆亮氨酸。在 240 分钟内每小时评估一次血浆 PYY（n = 24）。
时间（P < 0.0001）和处理（P < 0.03）的主要影响均检测到餐后饥饿感、食欲、PFC 和饱腹感。事后分析显示，2-g 和 3-g LP 棒与 0-g LP 相比，饱腹感增加更大，PFC 减少更大（均 P < 0.05），2-g 和 3-g LP 棒之间无差异。2-g 棒与 0-g LP 棒相比，饥饿感和食欲降低更大（均 P ≤ 0.01），而 3-g LP 棒则没有。食欲增量曲线下面积（iAUC）和 PYY 结果在棒之间无差异。血浆亮氨酸存在处理×时间的相互作用，亮氨酸剂量依赖性增加（P < 0.0001）。
尽管低蛋白棒（添加 LP）摄入后血浆亮氨酸呈剂量依赖性增加，但只有 2-g LP 棒与 0-g LP 棒相比，能持续改变餐后食欲感觉。本研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT02091570。
