School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jun 13;19(6):1755. doi: 10.3390/ijms19061755.
Cartilage lesions of the knee are common disorders affecting people of all ages; as the lesion progresses, it extends to the underlying subchondral bone and an osteochondral defect appears. Osteochondral (OC) tissue compromises soft cartilage over hard subchondral bone with a calcified cartilage interface between these two tissues. Osteochondral defects can be caused by numerous factors such as trauma and arthritis. Tissue engineering offers the possibility of a sustainable and effective treatment against osteochondral defects, where the damaged tissue is replaced with a long-lasting bio-manufactured replacement tissue. This review evaluates both bi-phasic and multi-phasic scaffold-based approaches of osteochondral tissue regeneration, highlighting the importance of having an interface layer between the bone and cartilage layer. The significance of a biomimetic approach is also evidenced and shown to be more effective than the more homogenous design approach to osteochondral scaffold design. Recent scaffold materials and manufacturing techniques are reviewed as well as the current clinical progress with osteochondral regeneration scaffolds.
膝关节软骨损伤是一种常见的疾病，影响着各个年龄段的人群；随着病变的发展，它会延伸到软骨下骨的下方，出现一个骨软骨缺损。骨软骨（OC）组织包含硬的软骨下骨上的软软骨，这两种组织之间有一个钙化软骨界面。骨软骨缺损可由多种因素引起，如创伤和关节炎。组织工程为治疗骨软骨缺损提供了一种可持续和有效的方法，即用持久的生物制造替代组织来替代受损组织。这篇综述评估了基于双相和多相支架的骨软骨组织再生方法，强调了在骨和软骨层之间具有界面层的重要性。还证明了仿生方法的重要性，它比更均匀的设计方法对骨软骨支架设计更有效。本文还回顾了最近的支架材料和制造技术，以及骨软骨再生支架的当前临床进展。
