Abo Hagar Ahmed, Ashour Yossri, Abd El-Razek Reda, Elsamahy Mohamed, Shehab Osama
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2018;54(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s41983-018-0018-y. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
Cognitive decline could start or get worse among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus more than elderly without diabetes mellitus. So, those diabetic elderly patients have more risk to develop Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
This study included 48 elderly, grouped into three equal groups. First group included patients with diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. Second group included patients with diabetes mellitus and no cognitive impairment. The last group included the controls. Evaluation through Mini Mental State Examination, MRI brain, and Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) recording was done for every studied elderly.
MRI finding revealed that hippocampal atrophy was significantly more prevalent among diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (37.5%). The QEEG showed increase in the distribution of alpha 1 (low alpha) waves among control and diabetic patients without MCI groups, while there was an increase in the distribution of alpha 2 (high alpha) among diabetic patients with MCI. The QEEG results revealed increased alpha 2/alpha 1 ratio among patients with hippocampal atrophy.
Type 2 DM was suggested to increase the risk of cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus was associated with changes in hippocampal volume and QEEG changes.
与非糖尿病老年患者相比，糖尿病老年患者的认知功能衰退可能更早开始或更严重。因此，这些糖尿病老年患者患阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆的风险更高。
本研究纳入48名老年人，平均分为三组。第一组包括患有糖尿病和认知障碍的患者。第二组包括患有糖尿病但无认知障碍的患者。最后一组为对照组。对每位参与研究的老年人进行简易精神状态检查表评估、脑部磁共振成像（MRI）以及定量脑电图（QEEG）记录。
MRI检查发现，轻度认知障碍（MCI）的糖尿病患者海马萎缩更为普遍（37.5%）。QEEG显示，对照组和无MCI的糖尿病患者中α1（低α）波分布增加，而患有MCI的糖尿病患者中α2（高α）波分布增加。QEEG结果显示，海马萎缩患者的α2/α1比值增加。
2型糖尿病被认为会增加认知障碍的风险。糖尿病患者的认知障碍与海马体积变化和QEEG变化有关。
