Du Xihao, Jiang Shuo, Bo Liang, Liu Jie, Zeng Xuejiao, Jiang Rongfang, Song Weimin, Zhao Jinzhuo
Key Laboratory of the Public Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2017 Jul;46(4):517-537.
To observe whether vitamin E( Ve) and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids( ω-3 FA) could prevent the fine particulate matter( PM_(2. 5))-induced cardiovascular injury and explore the potential mechanism.
The SD rats were assigned randomly to 8 groups, those were control group, PM_(2. 5)group, Ve treatment groups( 3, 10, 30 mg/( kg·d)) and ω-3 FA treatment groups( 10, 30 and 90 mg/( kg·d)). The rats were pretreated with different concentration of Ve and ω-3 FA separately for 14 days, then were exposed to ambient PM_(2. 5) by intratracheal instillation( 10 mg/kg BW). All the rats were sacrificed after the last PM_(2. 5) exposure, then the arterial blood, lungs and cardiac tissues were collected. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α), interleukin-1β( IL-1β), interleukin-6( IL-6) in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and supernatant of cardiac tissue were detected by ELISA kits. The levels of malondialdehyde( MDA), superoxide dismutase( SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase( GSH-Px) in serum and myocardium were also measured.
Compared with the severe injury of rats in PM_(2. 5) exposure group, the rats in Ve or ω-3 FA groups had a slighter injury in lung and cardiac tissue with the increase of Ve and ω-3 FA. Similarly, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had a decreasing trend with the increase of Ve and ω-3 FA compared with the PM_(2. 5) exposure groups. Meanwhile, the expressions of TNF-α in Ve and ω-3 FA high dose groups were significantly reduced when compared with the PM_(2. 5) exposure group( P <0. 05). In addition, the MDA levels in serum were markedly decreased and the activities of SOD were significantly increased compared with the PM_(2. 5)exposure group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) whereas the SOD activities were elevated only in the ω-3 FA high dose groups( P < 0. 05). Meanwhile, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum had an obvious decrease compared with the PM_(2. 5) exposure group( P < 0. 01). Similarly, compared with the PM_(2. 5)exposure group, the expressions of MDA were markedly decreased and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in myocardium were significantly increased( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) in the Ve treatment group. In addition, the activities of GSH-Px was found higher only in the ω-3 FA high treatment group compared with the PM_(2. 5)exposure group( P < 0. 05). Meanwhile, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in cardiac tissue had an obvious decrease trend with the increase of Ve and ω-3 FA.
PM_(2. 5) exposure may increase inflammatory response and oxidative stress, supplementation with Ve and ω-3 FA could prevent the PM_(2. 5)-induced inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress damage by increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px.
观察维生素E（Ve）和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 FA）能否预防细颗粒物（PM₂.₅）所致的心血管损伤，并探讨其潜在机制。
将SD大鼠随机分为8组，即对照组、PM₂.₅组、Ve治疗组（3、10、30 mg/（kg·d））和ω-3 FA治疗组（10、30和90 mg/（kg·d））。分别用不同浓度的Ve和ω-3 FA对大鼠进行预处理14天，然后通过气管内滴注（10 mg/kg体重）使其暴露于环境PM₂.₅中。在最后一次PM₂.₅暴露后处死所有大鼠，然后采集动脉血、肺和心脏组织。用ELISA试剂盒检测血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液和心脏组织上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的表达。同时检测血清和心肌中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的水平。
与PM₂.₅暴露组大鼠的严重损伤相比，Ve或ω-3 FA组大鼠的肺和心脏组织损伤较轻，且随着Ve和ω-3 FA剂量的增加损伤减轻。同样，与PM₂.₅暴露组相比，随着Ve和ω-3 FA剂量的增加，支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β、IL-6水平呈下降趋势。同时，Ve和ω-3 FA高剂量组的TNF-α表达与PM₂.₅暴露组相比明显降低（P<0.05）。此外，与PM₂.₅暴露组相比，血清中MDA水平明显降低，SOD活性明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01），而仅ω-3 FA高剂量组的SOD活性升高（P<0.05）。同时，血清中IL-6和TNF-α水平与PM₂.₅暴露组相比明显降低（P<0.01）。同样，与PM₂.₅暴露组相比，Ve治疗组心肌中MDA表达明显降低，SOD和GSH-Px活性明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。此外，与PM₂.₅暴露组相比，仅ω-3 FA高治疗组的GSH-Px活性较高（P<0.05）。同时，随着Ve和ω-3 FA剂量的增加，心脏组织中IL-1β和TNF-α水平呈明显下降趋势。
PM₂.₅暴露可能增加炎症反应和氧化应激，补充Ve和ω-3 FA可通过提高SOD和GSH-Px活性预防PM₂.₅所致的炎症反应和氧化应激损伤。
