Taylor Kirk A, Emerson Michael
Platelet Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
F1000Res. 2018 May 15;7:593. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.14456.1. eCollection 2018.
European and UK legislation requires all animal procedures to be conducted with consideration to reduction, refinement and replacement. In this review, 3Rs developments are discussed in the field of platelet biology and thromboembolism. Platelet research requires the use of animal models, and mice are widely used in the field. When working , conventional light transmission techniques have been scaled down allowing reduction in animal numbers. , vascular injury models are widely used and work is ongoing to develop approaches that use fewer animals. Thromboembolic mortality models, which inflict considerable pain and suffering, have also been used widely. A published and characterised refinement of this mortality model allows real-time monitoring of radiolabelled platelets under general anaesthesia and reduces both the severity level and the numbers of mice used in a typical experiment. This technique is more sensitive than the mortality approach and has opened up new avenues of research, which would not have been feasible by using death as an end-point. To drive uptake of real-time monitoring, a more simplistic approach has been developed involving micro-sampling and cell counting. Thromboembolic mortality models should therefore be considered obsolete due to the emergence of 3Rs models with improved scientific outcomes and that can be implemented relatively easily.
欧洲和英国的法规要求所有动物实验都要在减少、优化和替代的原则下进行。在本综述中，将讨论血小板生物学和血栓栓塞领域的3R进展。血小板研究需要使用动物模型，小鼠在该领域被广泛应用。在实验过程中，传统的光传输技术已经小型化，从而减少了动物的使用数量。此外，血管损伤模型也被广泛使用，并且正在开展工作以开发使用更少动物的方法。血栓栓塞死亡率模型造成了相当大的痛苦，也被广泛使用。一种已发表并经过特征描述的该死亡率模型的优化方法，允许在全身麻醉下对放射性标记的血小板进行实时监测，同时降低了典型实验中使用的小鼠的严重程度和数量。该技术比死亡率方法更敏感，并开辟了新的研究途径，而以死亡作为终点是不可行的。为了推动实时监测技术的应用，已经开发了一种更简单的方法，即微量采样和细胞计数。因此，由于出现了具有更好科学成果且相对容易实施的3R模型，血栓栓塞死亡率模型应被视为过时。
