Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Emilio Ravignani, 2024, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 Jun 15;18(1):236. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1885-z.
Maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy is an important contributor to pregnancy outcomes and early child health. The aim of this study was to describe the preconceptional nutritional status and dietary intake during pregnancy in high-risk women from South Africa and Zimbabwe.
This is a prospective observational study, nested to the CAP trial. Anthropometric measurements before and during pregnancy and dietary intake using 24-h recall during pregnancy were assessed. The Intake Distribution Estimation software (PC-SIDE) was used to evaluate nutrient intake adequacy taking the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as a cut-off point.
Three hundred twelve women who had pre-eclampsia in their last pregnancy and delivered in hospitals from South Africa and Zimbabwe were assessed. 73.7 and 60.2% women in South Africa and Zimbabwe, respectively started their pregnancy with BMI above normal (BMI ≥ 25) whereas the prevalence of underweight was virtually non-existent. The majority of women had inadequate intakes of micronutrients. Considering food and beverage intake only, none of the micronutrients measured achieved the estimated average requirement. Around 60% of pregnant women reported taking folic acid or iron supplements in South Africa, but almost none did so in Zimbabwe.
We found a high prevalence of overweight and obesity and high micronutrient intake inadequacy in pregnant women who had the previous pregnancy complicated with pre-eclampsia. The obesity figures and micronutrient inadequacy are issues of concern that need to be addressed. Pregnant women have regular contacts with the health system; these opportunities could be used to improve diet and nutrition.
PACTR201105000267371 . Registered 06 December 2010.
孕妇妊娠前后的营养状况是影响妊娠结局和儿童早期健康的重要因素。本研究旨在描述南非和津巴布韦高危孕妇的妊娠前营养状况和孕期饮食摄入情况。
这是一项前瞻性观察性研究，嵌套于 CAP 试验中。在妊娠前后评估了人体测量学指标和孕期 24 小时回忆饮食摄入量。采用摄入分布估计软件（PC-SIDE），以估计平均需求量（EAR）为切点评估营养素摄入的充足程度。
评估了 312 名在最近一次妊娠中患有子痫前期且在南非和津巴布韦医院分娩的妇女。南非和津巴布韦分别有 73.7%和 60.2%的孕妇在妊娠开始时 BMI 高于正常值（BMI≥25），而体重不足的患病率几乎为零。大多数孕妇微量营养素摄入不足。仅考虑食物和饮料的摄入量，所测量的微量营养素均未达到估计平均需求量。约 60%的南非孕妇报告在孕期服用叶酸或铁补充剂，但在津巴布韦几乎没有人这样做。
我们发现，在有子痫前期病史的孕妇中，超重和肥胖的比例较高，微量营养素摄入不足的情况也很严重。肥胖数据和微量营养素不足是需要关注的问题。孕妇与卫生系统有定期接触；这些机会可用于改善饮食和营养。
PACTR201105000267371。注册日期 2010 年 12 月 6 日。
