State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jun 16;190(7):405. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6753-9.
Risk of gene flow from canola (Brassica napus) to species of wild relatives was used as an example to evaluate the risk of gene flow of transgenic crops. B. juncea and B. rapa were the most common weedy Brassica species in China, which were both sexually compatible with canola. Data on canola cultivation in China were collected and analyzed using geographic information system (GIS), and the distribution of its wild relatives was predicted by MaxEnt species distribution model. Based on biological and phenological evidence, our results showed that gene flow risk exists in most parts of the country, especially in places with higher richness of wild Brassica species. However, risk in dominant canola cultivation regions is relatively low owing to the reduced distribution density of wild species in these regions. Three regions of higher risk of gene flow had been identified. Risk of gene flow is relatively high in certain areas. China has been assumed to be the original center of B. juncea and B. rapa, and gene flow may lead to negative effects on the conservation of biodiversity of local species. Strategies had been proposed to reduce the possibility of gene flow either by monitoring introgression from crops to wild relatives in the areas of high adoption of the crop or by taking measures to limit the releasing of new crops or varieties in the areas with abundant wild relatives.
油菜（甘蓝型油菜）向野生近缘种的基因流风险被用作评估转基因作物基因流风险的一个例子。芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜是中国最常见的野生油菜杂草种，与油菜均为有性杂交亲和。利用地理信息系统（GIS）收集和分析中国油菜种植数据，并通过最大熵物种分布模型预测其野生近缘种的分布。基于生物学和物候学证据，我们的结果表明，基因流风险存在于全国大部分地区，尤其是野生油菜物种丰富度较高的地区。然而，由于这些地区野生种的分布密度较低，主要油菜种植区的风险相对较低。已确定了三个基因流风险较高的区域。在某些地区，基因流的风险相对较高。中国被认为是芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜的原始中心，基因流可能对当地物种的生物多样性保护产生负面影响。已经提出了一些策略来降低基因流的可能性，例如在作物采用率较高的地区监测作物向野生近缘种的渐渗，或者在野生近缘种丰富的地区采取措施限制新作物或品种的释放。
