Khandare Arjun L, Kumar R Hari, Meshram I I, Arlappa N, Laxmaiah A, Venkaiah K, Rao P Amrutha, Validandi Vakdevi, Toteja G S
Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Division of Community Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Toxicon. 2018 Aug;150:228-234. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.069. Epub 2018 Jun 17.
Lathyrism is a disease caused by excessive consumption of grass pea, Lathyrus sativus especially under conditions of severe drought. Grass pea contains 3-N-oxalyl-L-2, 3-diaminopropanoic acid (β-ODAP) a putative neurotoxin which acts through excitatory mechanism causing Neurolathyrism. Due to awareness of the disease, availability of food and levels of consumption of L. sativus there is reduction in lathyrism cases where higher consumption of L. sativus is reported in India. The present study was undertaken with the objective to assess the current scenario of consumption of L. sativus, incidence of cases of lathyrism, β-ODAP, protein and amino acids content in L. sativus pulse collected from three districts (Bilaspur, Durg and Raipur) of Chattisgarh state. For this purpose, a total of 17,755 (13,129 rural and 4626 urban) individuals from 151 villages and 60 wards from urban area were covered for clinical examination. Out of total 5769 households (HHs) covered during the survey, 1602 HHs were cultivators, 1791 HHs non-cultivators and 2376 agricultural and other labourers. A one day 24-hour re-call diet survey was carried out in 5758 HHs (4549 rural and 1209 urban). A total of 360 split grass pea (SGP) samples were collected to estimate β-ODAP, protein and amino acids content. Results of the study revealed that an average consumption of SGP was 20.9 gm/CU/day in Bilaspur and no consumption was reported among urban population of Raipur. Only nine old cases of lathyrism were found during the study. The mean β-ODAP content in SGP was 0.63 ± 0.14, 0.65 ± 0.13 and 0.65 ± 0.14 gm/100 gm, whereas the protein content was 27.0 ± 2.39, 27.0 ± 1.99 and 26.7 ± 1.90 gm/100 gm in samples collected from Bilaspur, Durg and Raipur districts respectively. Arginine content was high in SGP and sulphur containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) were less than other amino acids. In conclusion, the consumption of SGP was lower in these three districts with lower β-ODAP content than earlier reports, thus the lower prevalence of lathyrism in the districts surveyed.
山黧豆中毒是一种因过量食用山黧豆（Lathyrus sativus），尤其是在严重干旱条件下食用所致的疾病。山黧豆含有3-N-草酰-L-2,3-二氨基丙酸（β-ODAP），一种假定的神经毒素，它通过兴奋机制起作用，导致骨软化型山黧豆中毒。由于对该疾病的认知、食物的可获得性以及山黧豆的食用水平，在印度，报告的山黧豆食用量较高地区的山黧豆中毒病例有所减少。本研究旨在评估恰蒂斯加尔邦三个地区（比拉斯布尔、杜尔格和赖布尔）采集的山黧豆脉冲中，山黧豆的食用现状、山黧豆中毒病例的发生率、β-ODAP、蛋白质和氨基酸含量。为此，对来自151个村庄和市区60个选区的总共17755人（13129名农村居民和4626名城市居民）进行了临床检查。在调查覆盖的总共5769户家庭中，1602户是耕种者，1791户是非耕种者，2376户是农业及其他劳动者。在5758户家庭（4549户农村家庭和1209户城市家庭）中进行了为期一天的24小时回顾性饮食调查。总共采集了360份裂荚山黧豆（SGP）样本，以估计β-ODAP、蛋白质和氨基酸含量。研究结果显示，比拉斯布尔地区SGP的平均食用量为20.9克/消费单位/天，赖布尔市城区居民未报告有食用情况。研究期间仅发现9例陈旧性山黧豆中毒病例。SGP中β-ODAP的平均含量分别为0.63±0.14、0.65±0.13和0.65±0.14克/100克，而从比拉斯布尔、杜尔格和赖布尔地区采集的样本中，蛋白质含量分别为27.0±2.39、27.0±1.99和26.7±1.90克/100克。SGP中的精氨酸含量较高，含硫氨基酸（半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸）含量低于其他氨基酸。总之，这三个地区的SGP食用量较低，β-ODAP含量也低于早期报告，因此调查地区的山黧豆中毒患病率较低。
