Lisinskiene Ausra, Guetterman Timothy, Sukys Saulius
Department of Theory of Sports, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Vilnius 08106, Lithuania.
Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2018 May 10;6(2):41. doi: 10.3390/sports6020041.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in youth sport and adolescent⁻parent attachment. A mixed-method explanatory sequential study design was applied. In the first phase, 648 adolescent athletes and non-athletes completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment⁻Revised (IPPA⁻R). In the second phase, 15 adolescent athletes took part in semi-structured interviews. In the first, quantitative phase, three factors were predictors of adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers: trust, communication, and alienation. In the qualitative follow-up, three themes emerged: adolescents’ attachment to the sport; adolescent⁻parent attachment; adolescents’ thoughts about parents. The analysis of the adolescent⁻parent interpersonal relationship revealed that athlete adolescents’ relations and attachment to parents compared to non-athlete adolescents are more intensively expressed in all scales: trust, communication and alienation. Interviews with adolescent athletes revealed that parent⁻adolescent interpersonal relationship and attachment to parents is more important at the early period of sporting life, and becomes less appreciable or unwelcome when children gain sporting experience. The study indicated that the form and degree of parental involvement in children’s sporting activities impacts the effectiveness of parent⁻athlete interpersonal relationships. The degree and the form of parental involvement in children’s sports chosen by the parents are not always appropriate and encouraging, and they are not always supportive of adolescents’ opinions.
本研究的目的是探讨青少年参与体育运动与青少年-父母依恋关系之间的联系。采用了混合方法解释性序列研究设计。在第一阶段，648名青少年运动员和非运动员完成了修订后的《父母与同伴依恋量表》（IPPA-R）。在第二阶段，15名青少年运动员参与了半结构化访谈。在第一个定量阶段，有三个因素是青少年对父母和同伴依恋的预测指标：信任、沟通和疏离感。在定性随访中，出现了三个主题：青少年对运动的依恋；青少年-父母依恋；青少年对父母的看法。对青少年-父母人际关系的分析表明，与非运动员青少年相比，运动员青少年在所有量表（信任、沟通和疏离感）上与父母的关系和依恋表现得更为强烈。对青少年运动员的访谈显示，父母-青少年人际关系和对父母的依恋在体育生活早期更为重要，而当孩子获得体育经验时，这种重要性就会降低或变得不受欢迎。该研究表明，父母参与孩子体育活动的形式和程度会影响父母-运动员人际关系的有效性。父母选择参与孩子体育活动的程度和形式并不总是恰当和具有鼓励性的，而且他们并不总是支持青少年的意见。
