Won Junyeon, Wu Shanshan, Ji Hongquing, Smith J Carson, Park Jungjun
Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 27042, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2017 Sep 26;5(4):73. doi: 10.3390/sports5040073.
Although a body of evidence demonstrates that acute exercise improves executive function, few studies have compared more complex, laboratory-based modes of exercise, such as soccer that involve multiple aspects of the environment. Twelve experienced soccer players (24.8 ± 2 years) completed three counterbalanced 20 min sessions of (1) seated rest; (2) moderate intensity treadmill exercise; and (3) a game of futsal. Once heart rate returned to within 10% of pre-activity levels, participants completed the Stroop Color Word Conflict Task while reaction time (RT) and P300 event-related potentials were measured. Reaction time during Stroop performance was significantly faster following the futsal game and treadmill exercise compared to the seated rest. The P300 amplitude during Stroop performance was significantly greater following futsal relative to both treadmill and seated-rest conditions. These findings suggest that single bouts of indoor soccer among college-aged soccer players, compared to treadmill and seated-rest conditions, may engender the greatest effect on brain networks controlling attention allocation and classification speed during the performance of an inhibitory control task. Future research is needed to determine if cognitively engaging forms of aerobic exercise may differentially impact executive control processes in less experienced and older adult participants.
尽管有大量证据表明急性运动可改善执行功能，但很少有研究比较更复杂的、基于实验室的运动模式，如涉及环境多个方面的足球运动。12名经验丰富的足球运动员（24.8±2岁）完成了三个平衡的20分钟时段，分别为：(1) 坐姿休息；(2) 中等强度跑步机运动；(3) 一场室内五人制足球比赛。一旦心率恢复到活动前水平的10%以内，参与者完成斯特鲁普颜色词冲突任务，同时测量反应时间（RT）和P300事件相关电位。与坐姿休息相比，在进行室内五人制足球比赛和跑步机运动后，斯特鲁普任务期间的反应时间明显更快。与跑步机运动和坐姿休息条件相比，在进行斯特鲁普任务期间，室内五人制足球比赛后的P300波幅明显更大。这些发现表明，与跑步机运动和坐姿休息条件相比，在大学生年龄的足球运动员中进行单次室内足球运动，可能对执行抑制控制任务期间控制注意力分配和分类速度的脑网络产生最大影响。未来需要进行研究，以确定认知参与型有氧运动形式是否可能对经验较少的成年人和老年参与者的执行控制过程产生不同影响。
