School of Physical Education & Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 27;18(3):1107. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031107.
It remains to be determined whether visual stimuli during exercise differentially influence the attention process. The purpose of the present study was to examine if different color stimuli during aerobic exercise are associated with different attention processes.
22 college students completed a four 30-min running session during the presentation of different color stimuli (blue, green, red, and yellow) and without color stimulus on separate visits. The Kanizsa triangle task was administrated before and immediately after exercise to assess the attention process. Behavioral performance (accuracy and response time (RT)) and event-related potential (P2, N2b and P3a) were recorded during the test.
Valid/invalid cue RT during the Kaniza test performance was significantly faster following the presentation of color stimuli during treadmill exercise compared to the seated rest. During exercise, these changes were larger after green and yellow stimuli than red in invalid cue RT. P2, N2b and P3a amplitudes of green were significantly larger than the other colors for both valid and invalid cues. Red color showed the lowest P2 and P3a amplitudes for both valid and invalid cues among colors.
The distinctive neurocognitive changes during aerobic exercise suggest different effects of color stimuli on visual search attention, attention capture, attentional orienting and processing speed. This study will be a first step to understand the optimal environmental setting during exercise for subsequent improvements in the attention process.
目前尚不清楚运动过程中的视觉刺激是否会对注意过程产生不同的影响。本研究旨在探讨有氧运动过程中不同颜色刺激是否与不同的注意过程有关。
22 名大学生在 4 次 30 分钟的跑步机运动中分别接受不同颜色（蓝色、绿色、红色和黄色）和无颜色刺激的刺激，在不同时间完成测试。在运动前后进行 Kanizsa 三角形任务，以评估注意过程。在测试过程中记录行为表现（准确性和反应时间（RT））和事件相关电位（P2、N2b 和 P3a）。
与坐姿休息相比，在跑步机运动中呈现颜色刺激后，Kaniza 测试表现中的有效/无效线索 RT 明显更快。在运动过程中，无效线索 RT 的绿色和黄色刺激后比红色刺激后变化更大。对于有效和无效线索，绿色的 P2、N2b 和 P3a 振幅均显著大于其他颜色。红色在有效和无效线索中均显示出最低的 P2 和 P3a 振幅。
有氧运动过程中独特的神经认知变化表明颜色刺激对视觉搜索注意力、注意力捕获、注意力定向和处理速度有不同的影响。本研究将是了解运动过程中最佳环境设置以提高注意力过程的第一步。
