Non-human papillomaviruses for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo.

Papillomavirus capsids are known to have the ability to package DNA plasmids and deliver them both in vitro and in vivo. Of all known papillomavirus types, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are by far the most intensely studied. Although HPVs work well as gene transfer vectors, their use is limited as most individuals are exposed to this virus either through a HPV vaccination or natural infection. To circumvent these constraints, we produced pseudovirions (PsVs) of ten non-human papillomavirus types and tested their transduction efficiencies in vitro. PsVs based on Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus-11 and Puma concolor papillomavirus-1 were further tested in vivo. Intramuscular transduction by PsVs led to months-long expression of a reporter plasmid, indicating that PsVs have potential as gene delivery vectors.